Psychology Test exam questions and
answers graded A+
Definition of psychology - ANS✅✅The science of behavior and mental processes
John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner
Subject matter of psychology - ANS✅✅Observable behavior
Mental processes/Mental events
Animal Behavior
Creation of psychology (when and who) - ANS✅✅1879
William Wundt
Structuralism - ANS✅✅Founded by Titchener
Attempted to discover the structural elements of the mind
Used introspection
Functionalism - ANS✅✅Founded by James
How our mental and behavioral processes function and how the allow us to adapt, survive and
fluorish
Mary Calkins - ANS✅✅First female psychologist
Memory research
First APA female president
Margaret Floy Washburn - ANS✅✅"The Animal Mind"
First female psychology PhD
Ivan Pavlov - ANS✅✅Study of learning
Sigmund Freud - ANS✅✅Theory of personality
,Jean Plaget - ANS✅✅Observer of children
Behaviorism - ANS✅✅Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without
reference to mental processes
Humanistic psychology - ANS✅✅Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the
individual's potential for personal growth
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Effect of current environmental influences and the fulfillment of our needs
Cognitive neuroscience - ANS✅✅Study of the brain activity linked with cognition
Ways we perceive, process, and remember information
Behavior - ANS✅✅Any action we can observe and record
Mental processes - ANS✅✅Internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
Nature-nurture issue - ANS✅✅Controversy over the relative contributions of biology and
experience
Nurture works on what nature endows
On the Origin of Species - ANS✅✅Published in 1859 by Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Natural selection - ANS✅✅Among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to
reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Biopsychosocial approach - ANS✅✅Considers the influences of biological, psychological, and
social-cultural factors
Biological influences - ANS✅✅Natural selection
Genetic predispositions
, Brain mechanisms
Hormonal influences
Psychological influences - ANS✅✅Learned behaviors
Emotional responses
Cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations
Social-cultural influences - ANS✅✅Presence of others
Cultural, societal, and family expectations
Group influences
Compelling modes
Neuroscience - ANS✅✅How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory
experiences
Evolutionary - ANS✅✅How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes
Behavior genetics - ANS✅✅How much our genes and our environment influences our individual
differences
Psychodynamic - ANS✅✅How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral - ANS✅✅How we learn observable responses
Cognitive - ANS✅✅How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Social-cultural - ANS✅✅How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Biological psychologists - ANS✅✅Links between brain and mind
Developmental psychologists - ANS✅✅Changing abilities throughout life
answers graded A+
Definition of psychology - ANS✅✅The science of behavior and mental processes
John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner
Subject matter of psychology - ANS✅✅Observable behavior
Mental processes/Mental events
Animal Behavior
Creation of psychology (when and who) - ANS✅✅1879
William Wundt
Structuralism - ANS✅✅Founded by Titchener
Attempted to discover the structural elements of the mind
Used introspection
Functionalism - ANS✅✅Founded by James
How our mental and behavioral processes function and how the allow us to adapt, survive and
fluorish
Mary Calkins - ANS✅✅First female psychologist
Memory research
First APA female president
Margaret Floy Washburn - ANS✅✅"The Animal Mind"
First female psychology PhD
Ivan Pavlov - ANS✅✅Study of learning
Sigmund Freud - ANS✅✅Theory of personality
,Jean Plaget - ANS✅✅Observer of children
Behaviorism - ANS✅✅Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without
reference to mental processes
Humanistic psychology - ANS✅✅Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the
individual's potential for personal growth
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Effect of current environmental influences and the fulfillment of our needs
Cognitive neuroscience - ANS✅✅Study of the brain activity linked with cognition
Ways we perceive, process, and remember information
Behavior - ANS✅✅Any action we can observe and record
Mental processes - ANS✅✅Internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
Nature-nurture issue - ANS✅✅Controversy over the relative contributions of biology and
experience
Nurture works on what nature endows
On the Origin of Species - ANS✅✅Published in 1859 by Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Natural selection - ANS✅✅Among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to
reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Biopsychosocial approach - ANS✅✅Considers the influences of biological, psychological, and
social-cultural factors
Biological influences - ANS✅✅Natural selection
Genetic predispositions
, Brain mechanisms
Hormonal influences
Psychological influences - ANS✅✅Learned behaviors
Emotional responses
Cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations
Social-cultural influences - ANS✅✅Presence of others
Cultural, societal, and family expectations
Group influences
Compelling modes
Neuroscience - ANS✅✅How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory
experiences
Evolutionary - ANS✅✅How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes
Behavior genetics - ANS✅✅How much our genes and our environment influences our individual
differences
Psychodynamic - ANS✅✅How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral - ANS✅✅How we learn observable responses
Cognitive - ANS✅✅How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Social-cultural - ANS✅✅How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Biological psychologists - ANS✅✅Links between brain and mind
Developmental psychologists - ANS✅✅Changing abilities throughout life
