Psychology Exam test quizzes and
answers graded A+
Psychology - ANS✅✅1. Early: acquired the meaning "study of the mind"
2. Current: scientific study of human and animal behavior and mental processes
Wilhem Wundt - ANS✅✅-Founder of Psychology
G. Stanley Hall - ANS✅✅-Brought Psychology to America
Sigmund Frued - ANS✅✅-Psychoanalytic Theory: attempts to explain personality, motivation, and
mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
-Controversy and Frued: his idea of the unconscious suggests people are not in control of their mind,
behavior is influenced by how people cope with sexual urges
John B. Watson - ANS✅✅-Founder of behaviorism
B.F. Skinner - ANS✅✅-Fundamental principle
-Controversy: all behavior is governed by external stimuli
-Free will is an illusion
Psychiatry - ANS✅✅-Branch of medicine concerned with psychological disturbances (can prescribe
medicine)
Two Great Assumptions in Science - ANS✅✅1. Positivism: "Truth" exists and we can know it
2. Empiricism: An approach to understanding the world that involves collecting data or making
observations
Hypothesis vs Theory - ANS✅✅1. Hypothesis: specific prediction about the relationship between
the variables, "educated guess"
2. Theory: set of related ideas that help scientists to explain how variables relate
, Variable - ANS✅✅-Something that varies and is measurable
Operational Definition - ANS✅✅-The way the variable is being defined for the specific study
Independent vs Dependent Variable - ANS✅✅1. IV: manipulated
2. DV: measured
Experiments - ANS✅✅1. Pros: precise control, cause and effect conclusions
2. Cons: can't be used for some questions, lab setting "artificial"
3. Variables: IV and DV
4. Manipulates a variable
5. Observes changes in variable
6. Controls conditions
Correlational Study - ANS✅✅-Measures two naturally occurring things and see if they relate
1. Positive: 2 variables vary systematically in same direction
2. Negative: 2 variables vary systematically in opposite directions
Non-Experimental Designs - ANS✅✅1. Surveys
-Pros: inexpensive, easy to collect data from large samples
-Cons: Social Desirability Bias
2. Naturalistic Observation
3. Participant Observation
4. Correlational Design
5. Case Studies
Biological Psychology - ANS✅✅-The study of the connection between biology and behavior
Neuron Structure & Function - ANS✅✅1. Dendrites: Receives information
2. Soma: Integrates information
3. Axon: Transmits information to another neuron
answers graded A+
Psychology - ANS✅✅1. Early: acquired the meaning "study of the mind"
2. Current: scientific study of human and animal behavior and mental processes
Wilhem Wundt - ANS✅✅-Founder of Psychology
G. Stanley Hall - ANS✅✅-Brought Psychology to America
Sigmund Frued - ANS✅✅-Psychoanalytic Theory: attempts to explain personality, motivation, and
mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
-Controversy and Frued: his idea of the unconscious suggests people are not in control of their mind,
behavior is influenced by how people cope with sexual urges
John B. Watson - ANS✅✅-Founder of behaviorism
B.F. Skinner - ANS✅✅-Fundamental principle
-Controversy: all behavior is governed by external stimuli
-Free will is an illusion
Psychiatry - ANS✅✅-Branch of medicine concerned with psychological disturbances (can prescribe
medicine)
Two Great Assumptions in Science - ANS✅✅1. Positivism: "Truth" exists and we can know it
2. Empiricism: An approach to understanding the world that involves collecting data or making
observations
Hypothesis vs Theory - ANS✅✅1. Hypothesis: specific prediction about the relationship between
the variables, "educated guess"
2. Theory: set of related ideas that help scientists to explain how variables relate
, Variable - ANS✅✅-Something that varies and is measurable
Operational Definition - ANS✅✅-The way the variable is being defined for the specific study
Independent vs Dependent Variable - ANS✅✅1. IV: manipulated
2. DV: measured
Experiments - ANS✅✅1. Pros: precise control, cause and effect conclusions
2. Cons: can't be used for some questions, lab setting "artificial"
3. Variables: IV and DV
4. Manipulates a variable
5. Observes changes in variable
6. Controls conditions
Correlational Study - ANS✅✅-Measures two naturally occurring things and see if they relate
1. Positive: 2 variables vary systematically in same direction
2. Negative: 2 variables vary systematically in opposite directions
Non-Experimental Designs - ANS✅✅1. Surveys
-Pros: inexpensive, easy to collect data from large samples
-Cons: Social Desirability Bias
2. Naturalistic Observation
3. Participant Observation
4. Correlational Design
5. Case Studies
Biological Psychology - ANS✅✅-The study of the connection between biology and behavior
Neuron Structure & Function - ANS✅✅1. Dendrites: Receives information
2. Soma: Integrates information
3. Axon: Transmits information to another neuron
