Psychology Exam test quiz and
answers graded A+
What do psychology and philosophy have in common? - ANS✅✅Both sought to explain the
meaning of being human (i.e., human behavior and thought)
How is psychology different from philosophy? - ANS✅✅Psychology is more objective and scientific
(i.e., based on empirical evidence and experience)
What does psychology borrow from science? - ANS✅✅Experimental methodology
Experimentalism - ANS✅✅Manipulating variables to obtain knowledge
Reductionism - ANS✅✅Explaining phenomena on one level (such as complex ideas) in terms of
phenomena on another level (such as simple ideas); breaking into smaller pieces
Determinism - ANS✅✅Acts are determined by past events; everything is causally determined,
predictable
Descartes used science to seek knowledge as opposed to _________? - ANS✅✅Authority
Descartes applied the methods of ________ to determine laws of human nature. -
ANS✅✅Mathematics
Mind - ANS✅✅The chief influence before Descartes
Cartesian dualism (matter and something else in existence) - ANS✅✅Descartes' view of the mind-
body problem; mind (immaterial/free will) and body (extension/reflex action/passions or inner
conflict)
Reason - ANS✅✅Gives the mind influence over the body
Pineal gland - ANS✅✅What Descartes contributed to localization of function
, The body operates according to involuntary _________. - ANS✅✅Reflexes
Innate ideas - ANS✅✅Those which you are born with; not produced by objects in the external
world impinging on the senses but develop instead out of the mind or consciousness (i.e., God, the
self, perfection, and infinity according to Descartes)
Derived ideas - ANS✅✅Inferred through experience; produced by the direct application of an
external stimulus; products of the experiences of the senses (i.e., hearing a bell and seeing a tree)
Empiricism - ANS✅✅The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and the
attribution of all knowledge to experience
Blank slate (tabula rasa) - ANS✅✅Locke believed that the mind is a blank page, or an empty
cabinet which experience fills (found in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding)
According to Locke, ideas come from ________ and ________. - ANS✅✅Sensation (external
world) and reflection (mind abstracts ideas to form general ideas)
How do we form complex ideas? - ANS✅✅Association of ideas (Locke); Simple ideas + complex
ideas = combination)
What is the distinction between primary and secondary qualities? - ANS✅✅Primary qualities are
objective (exist whether or not we perceive them) and secondary qualities are subjective (exist in a
person's perception of the object)
Muller's doctrine of specific nerve energies - ANS✅✅Different sensory nerves carry different
energies (wrong)
Gall's science of phrenology - ANS✅✅Assumptions:
1. Specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific functions
2. Size of brain area is related to strength (or deficit) of function
3. Shape of the skull reflects underlying size of brain area
answers graded A+
What do psychology and philosophy have in common? - ANS✅✅Both sought to explain the
meaning of being human (i.e., human behavior and thought)
How is psychology different from philosophy? - ANS✅✅Psychology is more objective and scientific
(i.e., based on empirical evidence and experience)
What does psychology borrow from science? - ANS✅✅Experimental methodology
Experimentalism - ANS✅✅Manipulating variables to obtain knowledge
Reductionism - ANS✅✅Explaining phenomena on one level (such as complex ideas) in terms of
phenomena on another level (such as simple ideas); breaking into smaller pieces
Determinism - ANS✅✅Acts are determined by past events; everything is causally determined,
predictable
Descartes used science to seek knowledge as opposed to _________? - ANS✅✅Authority
Descartes applied the methods of ________ to determine laws of human nature. -
ANS✅✅Mathematics
Mind - ANS✅✅The chief influence before Descartes
Cartesian dualism (matter and something else in existence) - ANS✅✅Descartes' view of the mind-
body problem; mind (immaterial/free will) and body (extension/reflex action/passions or inner
conflict)
Reason - ANS✅✅Gives the mind influence over the body
Pineal gland - ANS✅✅What Descartes contributed to localization of function
, The body operates according to involuntary _________. - ANS✅✅Reflexes
Innate ideas - ANS✅✅Those which you are born with; not produced by objects in the external
world impinging on the senses but develop instead out of the mind or consciousness (i.e., God, the
self, perfection, and infinity according to Descartes)
Derived ideas - ANS✅✅Inferred through experience; produced by the direct application of an
external stimulus; products of the experiences of the senses (i.e., hearing a bell and seeing a tree)
Empiricism - ANS✅✅The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and the
attribution of all knowledge to experience
Blank slate (tabula rasa) - ANS✅✅Locke believed that the mind is a blank page, or an empty
cabinet which experience fills (found in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding)
According to Locke, ideas come from ________ and ________. - ANS✅✅Sensation (external
world) and reflection (mind abstracts ideas to form general ideas)
How do we form complex ideas? - ANS✅✅Association of ideas (Locke); Simple ideas + complex
ideas = combination)
What is the distinction between primary and secondary qualities? - ANS✅✅Primary qualities are
objective (exist whether or not we perceive them) and secondary qualities are subjective (exist in a
person's perception of the object)
Muller's doctrine of specific nerve energies - ANS✅✅Different sensory nerves carry different
energies (wrong)
Gall's science of phrenology - ANS✅✅Assumptions:
1. Specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific functions
2. Size of brain area is related to strength (or deficit) of function
3. Shape of the skull reflects underlying size of brain area
