Psychology Exam test queries and
answers graded A+
Personality - ANS✅✅A person's internally based characteristic ways of acting and thinking.
Unique psychological qualities that influence a variety of characteristic patterns of behaviour and
ways of thinking that determines a person's adjustment to the environment.
Conscious mind - ANS✅✅Freud's term for what you are presently aware of
Preconscious mind - ANS✅✅Freud's term for what is stored in your memory that you are not
presently aware of but can access
Unconscious mind - ANS✅✅Freud's term for the part of our mind that we cannot become aware
of.
Id - ANS✅✅The part of the personality that a person is born with, where the biological instinctual
drives reside, and that is located totally in the unconscious mind.
Pleasure principle - ANS✅✅The principle of seeking immediate gratification for instinctual drives
without concern for the consequences
Ego - ANS✅✅The part of the personality that starts developing in the first year or so of life to find
realistic outlets for the id's instinctual drives.
Reality principle - ANS✅✅The principle of finding gratification for instinctual drives within the
constraints of reality (norms of society).
Superego - ANS✅✅The part of the personality that represents one's conscience and idealized
standards of behaviour.
Defense mechanism - ANS✅✅A process used by the ego to distort reality and protect a person
from anxiety.
,Erogenous zone - ANS✅✅The area of the body where the id's pleasure-seeking energies are
focused during a particular stage of psychosexual development.
Fixation - ANS✅✅Some of the id's pleasure-seeking energies remaining in a psychosexual stage
due to excessive or insufficient gratification of instinctual needs.
Oral stage of psychosexual development - ANS✅✅First stage in Freud's theory
Birth to 18 months
Erogenous zones are mouth, lips, tongue
Child derives pleasure from oral activities such as biting, sucking, chewing
Anal stage of psychosexual devlopment - ANS✅✅Second stage in Freud's theory
18 months to 3 years
Erogenous zone is anus
Child derives pleasure from stimulation of anal area through having and withholding anal
movements
Phallic stage of psychosexual development - ANS✅✅Third stage in Freud's theory
3 to 6 years
Erogenous zone is located at genitals
Child derives pleasure from genital stimulation
Oedipus Conflict - ANS✅✅Freud
Phallic stage conflict in which boy becomes sexually attracted to mother and fears his father will find
out and castrate him.
Identification - ANS✅✅Process by which children adopt characteristics of same-sex parent and
learn their gender role and sense of morality
Latency stage of psychosexual development - ANS✅✅Fourth stage in Freud's theory
6 years to puberty
No erogenous zone
Sexual feelings are repressed and the focus is on cognitive and social development
,Genital stage of psychosexual development - ANS✅✅Fifth stage in Freud's theory
Puberty to adulthood
Erogenous zone is genitals
Child develops sexual relationships, moving towards intimate adult relationships
Hierarchy of Needs - ANS✅✅Motivation
Suggests that the innate needs which motivate our behaviour are arranged in a pyramid shape.
From bottom to top:
Physiological (hunger, thirst)
Safety (feel safe, secure, stable)
Belonging and love (to love and be love, belong, be accepted)
Esteem (self-esteem, achievement, competence, independence)
Self-actualization (live up to potential)
Self-actualization - ANS✅✅The fullest realization of a person's potential
Conditions of worth - ANS✅✅The behaviours and attitudes for which other people (starting with
parents) will give us positive regard
Unconditional positive regard - ANS✅✅Unconditional acceptance and approval of a person by
others
Self-system - ANS✅✅The set of cognitive processes by which a person observes, evaluates, and
regulates their behaviour
Self-efficacy - ANS✅✅A judgement of one's effectiveness in dealing with particular situations
External locus of control - ANS✅✅The perception that chance or external forces beyond your
personal control determine your fate
Internal locus of control - ANS✅✅The perception that you control your own fate.
, Learned helplessness - ANS✅✅A sense of hopelessness in which a person thinks that he is unable
to prevent aversive events.
Attribution - ANS✅✅The process by which we explain our own behaviour and that of others
Self-serving bias - ANS✅✅The tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive oneself
favourably
Traits - ANS✅✅The relatively stable internally based characteristics that describe a person
Personal inventory - ANS✅✅An objective personality test that uses a series of questions or
statements for which the test taker must indicate whether they apply to him/her or not.
Projective test - ANS✅✅A personality test that uses a series of ambiguous stimuli to which the test
taker must respond about her perception of the stimuli
Personality Theories - ANS✅✅Type Theories
Trait Theories
Type Theories - ANS✅✅Distinct (no overlap) pattern of personality characteristics
- Sheldon Somatotypes
- Eysenck
- Type A vs. Type B
Sheldon Somatotypes - ANS✅✅Type theory of personality
Based on body types
Endomorph - short, plump - sociable, relaxed, even tempered
Ectomorph - tall, thin - restrained, self-conscious, fond of solitude
Mesomorph - heavy-set, muscular - noisy, callous, fond of physical activity
Endomorph - ANS✅✅Sheldon somatotype
answers graded A+
Personality - ANS✅✅A person's internally based characteristic ways of acting and thinking.
Unique psychological qualities that influence a variety of characteristic patterns of behaviour and
ways of thinking that determines a person's adjustment to the environment.
Conscious mind - ANS✅✅Freud's term for what you are presently aware of
Preconscious mind - ANS✅✅Freud's term for what is stored in your memory that you are not
presently aware of but can access
Unconscious mind - ANS✅✅Freud's term for the part of our mind that we cannot become aware
of.
Id - ANS✅✅The part of the personality that a person is born with, where the biological instinctual
drives reside, and that is located totally in the unconscious mind.
Pleasure principle - ANS✅✅The principle of seeking immediate gratification for instinctual drives
without concern for the consequences
Ego - ANS✅✅The part of the personality that starts developing in the first year or so of life to find
realistic outlets for the id's instinctual drives.
Reality principle - ANS✅✅The principle of finding gratification for instinctual drives within the
constraints of reality (norms of society).
Superego - ANS✅✅The part of the personality that represents one's conscience and idealized
standards of behaviour.
Defense mechanism - ANS✅✅A process used by the ego to distort reality and protect a person
from anxiety.
,Erogenous zone - ANS✅✅The area of the body where the id's pleasure-seeking energies are
focused during a particular stage of psychosexual development.
Fixation - ANS✅✅Some of the id's pleasure-seeking energies remaining in a psychosexual stage
due to excessive or insufficient gratification of instinctual needs.
Oral stage of psychosexual development - ANS✅✅First stage in Freud's theory
Birth to 18 months
Erogenous zones are mouth, lips, tongue
Child derives pleasure from oral activities such as biting, sucking, chewing
Anal stage of psychosexual devlopment - ANS✅✅Second stage in Freud's theory
18 months to 3 years
Erogenous zone is anus
Child derives pleasure from stimulation of anal area through having and withholding anal
movements
Phallic stage of psychosexual development - ANS✅✅Third stage in Freud's theory
3 to 6 years
Erogenous zone is located at genitals
Child derives pleasure from genital stimulation
Oedipus Conflict - ANS✅✅Freud
Phallic stage conflict in which boy becomes sexually attracted to mother and fears his father will find
out and castrate him.
Identification - ANS✅✅Process by which children adopt characteristics of same-sex parent and
learn their gender role and sense of morality
Latency stage of psychosexual development - ANS✅✅Fourth stage in Freud's theory
6 years to puberty
No erogenous zone
Sexual feelings are repressed and the focus is on cognitive and social development
,Genital stage of psychosexual development - ANS✅✅Fifth stage in Freud's theory
Puberty to adulthood
Erogenous zone is genitals
Child develops sexual relationships, moving towards intimate adult relationships
Hierarchy of Needs - ANS✅✅Motivation
Suggests that the innate needs which motivate our behaviour are arranged in a pyramid shape.
From bottom to top:
Physiological (hunger, thirst)
Safety (feel safe, secure, stable)
Belonging and love (to love and be love, belong, be accepted)
Esteem (self-esteem, achievement, competence, independence)
Self-actualization (live up to potential)
Self-actualization - ANS✅✅The fullest realization of a person's potential
Conditions of worth - ANS✅✅The behaviours and attitudes for which other people (starting with
parents) will give us positive regard
Unconditional positive regard - ANS✅✅Unconditional acceptance and approval of a person by
others
Self-system - ANS✅✅The set of cognitive processes by which a person observes, evaluates, and
regulates their behaviour
Self-efficacy - ANS✅✅A judgement of one's effectiveness in dealing with particular situations
External locus of control - ANS✅✅The perception that chance or external forces beyond your
personal control determine your fate
Internal locus of control - ANS✅✅The perception that you control your own fate.
, Learned helplessness - ANS✅✅A sense of hopelessness in which a person thinks that he is unable
to prevent aversive events.
Attribution - ANS✅✅The process by which we explain our own behaviour and that of others
Self-serving bias - ANS✅✅The tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive oneself
favourably
Traits - ANS✅✅The relatively stable internally based characteristics that describe a person
Personal inventory - ANS✅✅An objective personality test that uses a series of questions or
statements for which the test taker must indicate whether they apply to him/her or not.
Projective test - ANS✅✅A personality test that uses a series of ambiguous stimuli to which the test
taker must respond about her perception of the stimuli
Personality Theories - ANS✅✅Type Theories
Trait Theories
Type Theories - ANS✅✅Distinct (no overlap) pattern of personality characteristics
- Sheldon Somatotypes
- Eysenck
- Type A vs. Type B
Sheldon Somatotypes - ANS✅✅Type theory of personality
Based on body types
Endomorph - short, plump - sociable, relaxed, even tempered
Ectomorph - tall, thin - restrained, self-conscious, fond of solitude
Mesomorph - heavy-set, muscular - noisy, callous, fond of physical activity
Endomorph - ANS✅✅Sheldon somatotype
