Psychology Exam questions and
answers graded A+
Psychology - ANS✅✅the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅structuralism; in 1879 founded first psychology laboratory in world at
University of Leipzig; introspection, basic units of experience
Edward Titchener - ANS✅✅Student of Wilhelm Wundt; founder of Structuralist school of
psychology.
William James - ANS✅✅founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function
in our environment
Structuralism - ANS✅✅An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the
structural elements of the human mind
Functionalism - ANS✅✅a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral
processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Case study - ANS✅✅An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope
of revealing universal principles.
Naturalistic observation - ANS✅✅Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Survey research - ANS✅✅gathering primary data by asking people questions about their
knowledge, attitudes, preferences, and buying behavior
Random sample - ANS✅✅method of selecting from a population in which each person has an
equal probability of being selected
Positive correlation - ANS✅✅a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with
large values of the other and small with small
, Negative correlation - ANS✅✅a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated
with small values of the other
Correlation versus causation - ANS✅✅A correlation is a predictable relationship between two
variables makes it possible to predict the other. However, just because two variables are correlated
does not mean that one causes the other.
Experiment - ANS✅✅a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors
(independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent
variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant
factors.
Independent variable - ANS✅✅The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied.
Dependent variable - ANS✅✅The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
Random assignment - ANS✅✅Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by
chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups.
Biological perspective - ANS✅✅A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and
changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts.
Neurons - ANS✅✅Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit
information.
Action potential - ANS✅✅a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the
action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in
the axon's membrane
Neurotransmitters - ANS✅✅chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between
neurons
answers graded A+
Psychology - ANS✅✅the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅structuralism; in 1879 founded first psychology laboratory in world at
University of Leipzig; introspection, basic units of experience
Edward Titchener - ANS✅✅Student of Wilhelm Wundt; founder of Structuralist school of
psychology.
William James - ANS✅✅founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function
in our environment
Structuralism - ANS✅✅An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the
structural elements of the human mind
Functionalism - ANS✅✅a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral
processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Case study - ANS✅✅An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope
of revealing universal principles.
Naturalistic observation - ANS✅✅Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Survey research - ANS✅✅gathering primary data by asking people questions about their
knowledge, attitudes, preferences, and buying behavior
Random sample - ANS✅✅method of selecting from a population in which each person has an
equal probability of being selected
Positive correlation - ANS✅✅a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated with
large values of the other and small with small
, Negative correlation - ANS✅✅a correlation in which large values of one variable are associated
with small values of the other
Correlation versus causation - ANS✅✅A correlation is a predictable relationship between two
variables makes it possible to predict the other. However, just because two variables are correlated
does not mean that one causes the other.
Experiment - ANS✅✅a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors
(independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent
variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant
factors.
Independent variable - ANS✅✅The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied.
Dependent variable - ANS✅✅The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
Random assignment - ANS✅✅Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by
chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups.
Biological perspective - ANS✅✅A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and
changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts.
Neurons - ANS✅✅Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit
information.
Action potential - ANS✅✅a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. the
action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in
the axon's membrane
Neurotransmitters - ANS✅✅chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between
neurons
