BSNC 1000 FINAL EXAM (MODULE 8-10) QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS.
The family is a basic or primary unit of society, as are all the other units, and
they are all part of the larger system of the society. What type of family
approach is this?
a. Family as a context
b. Family as a client
c. Family as a system
d. Family as a component of society Answer - d. Family as a component of
society
Coping ineffective: exceeds capacity to manage, requires outside assistance?
a. Stress neutral
b. Challenge/Manageable
c. Stress not manageable Answer - c. Stress not manageable
LDLs can diffuse freely through the endothelial barrier of blood vessels and
enter the subendothelial space?
,a. True
b. False Answer - b. False
LDLs:
- Cross the endothelial barrier through receptor-mediated transcytosis
- may also cross the endothelial barrier if paracellular gaps are sufficiently wide
- e.g. Increased permeability during an inflammatory response
a. True
b. False Answer - a. True
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? Answer - 1. An injury to the endothelium of
vascular intima triggers the inflammatory process--- cause vasodilation and
increased permeability
2. Increased permeability allows infiltration of immune cells such as
macrophages and circulating LDLs: become modified by oxidation and oxidized
LDLs trigger macrophage phagocytosis
3. Fat-Ladened macrophages (Foam cells) secrete inflammatory mediators and
growth factors:
- Inflammatory mediators recruit more immune cells to the injured site
- Growth factors increase division and migration of smooth muscle cells
4. - Smooth muscle cells produce collagen fibers that form the fibrous cap
- macrophages, foam cells, necrotic tissue with released cholesterol form the
lipid rich necrotic core.
What is Non-modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
,b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
d. Dyslipidemia
e. Obesity Answer - a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
What is modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking Answer - c
Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking
What is clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis?
a. The earliest visible lesion is called a FATTY STREAKS:
, b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas.
c. none of the above Answer - a. The earliest visible lesion is called a fatty
streak
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas
What is Type of plaques? (select all that apply)
a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
c. Fatty streaks
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation Answer - a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation
Stable plaque
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall Answer - b. Thick fibrous cap
with small lipid rich necrotic core
Unstable plaques
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall Answer - a. Thin fibrous cap
vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS.
The family is a basic or primary unit of society, as are all the other units, and
they are all part of the larger system of the society. What type of family
approach is this?
a. Family as a context
b. Family as a client
c. Family as a system
d. Family as a component of society Answer - d. Family as a component of
society
Coping ineffective: exceeds capacity to manage, requires outside assistance?
a. Stress neutral
b. Challenge/Manageable
c. Stress not manageable Answer - c. Stress not manageable
LDLs can diffuse freely through the endothelial barrier of blood vessels and
enter the subendothelial space?
,a. True
b. False Answer - b. False
LDLs:
- Cross the endothelial barrier through receptor-mediated transcytosis
- may also cross the endothelial barrier if paracellular gaps are sufficiently wide
- e.g. Increased permeability during an inflammatory response
a. True
b. False Answer - a. True
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? Answer - 1. An injury to the endothelium of
vascular intima triggers the inflammatory process--- cause vasodilation and
increased permeability
2. Increased permeability allows infiltration of immune cells such as
macrophages and circulating LDLs: become modified by oxidation and oxidized
LDLs trigger macrophage phagocytosis
3. Fat-Ladened macrophages (Foam cells) secrete inflammatory mediators and
growth factors:
- Inflammatory mediators recruit more immune cells to the injured site
- Growth factors increase division and migration of smooth muscle cells
4. - Smooth muscle cells produce collagen fibers that form the fibrous cap
- macrophages, foam cells, necrotic tissue with released cholesterol form the
lipid rich necrotic core.
What is Non-modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
,b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
d. Dyslipidemia
e. Obesity Answer - a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
What is modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking Answer - c
Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking
What is clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis?
a. The earliest visible lesion is called a FATTY STREAKS:
, b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas.
c. none of the above Answer - a. The earliest visible lesion is called a fatty
streak
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas
What is Type of plaques? (select all that apply)
a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
c. Fatty streaks
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation Answer - a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation
Stable plaque
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall Answer - b. Thick fibrous cap
with small lipid rich necrotic core
Unstable plaques
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall Answer - a. Thin fibrous cap
vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
