NR 565
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS ANSWERS LATEST 2025- CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
1. The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. -
ANSWER:
,>>>Pharmacokinetics
2. The study of what the drug does to the body - ANSWER: Pharmacodynamics
3. Rate of dissolution Surface area Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning - ANSWER: Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
4. Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity - ANSWER:Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
5. substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example - ANSWER:>>>Xenobiotics
6. xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the
detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism. - ANSWER:Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
7. responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed –
ANSWER:Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
8. Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis - ANSWER:Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
9. -Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
, -Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active - ANSWER:Three
possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
10. Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme
activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent
drug" - ANSWER:CYP450 Inducers
11. Carbamazepine Rifampin Alcohol Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas - ANSWER:CYP450 Inducer Medications
12. Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk
for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug". -
ANSWER:CYP450 Inhibitors
13. Valproate Isoniazid Sulfonamides Amiodarone Chloramphenicol Ketoconazole Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine - ANSWER:CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
14. potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults -potentially Inappropriate Medication
(PIM) use in older adults due to medication-
disease or medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults - ANSWER:Beers Criteria
15. when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication.
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS ANSWERS LATEST 2025- CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
1. The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. -
ANSWER:
,>>>Pharmacokinetics
2. The study of what the drug does to the body - ANSWER: Pharmacodynamics
3. Rate of dissolution Surface area Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning - ANSWER: Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
4. Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity - ANSWER:Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
5. substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example - ANSWER:>>>Xenobiotics
6. xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the
detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism. - ANSWER:Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
7. responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed –
ANSWER:Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
8. Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis - ANSWER:Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
9. -Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
, -Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active - ANSWER:Three
possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
10. Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme
activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent
drug" - ANSWER:CYP450 Inducers
11. Carbamazepine Rifampin Alcohol Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas - ANSWER:CYP450 Inducer Medications
12. Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk
for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug". -
ANSWER:CYP450 Inhibitors
13. Valproate Isoniazid Sulfonamides Amiodarone Chloramphenicol Ketoconazole Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine - ANSWER:CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
14. potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults -potentially Inappropriate Medication
(PIM) use in older adults due to medication-
disease or medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults - ANSWER:Beers Criteria
15. when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication.
