NSG 6420 Week 1 Final Exam. Latest 2021. Questions and Answers.

NSG 6420 Week 1 Return to deck 1. Over 90% of patients in long term care are older than 65 2. The young old 65-74 3. the middle old 75-84 4. The old old 85-99 5. the elite old 100 or older 6. the fastest growing subgroup?? is the old old, sometimes referred to as the advanced older adult population 7. physical exam yearly 8. Breast cancer - self exam every month - woman >50 mammogram Q2yrs. 9. Cervical Cancer - Pelvic exam with PAP Q3yrs 10. Prostate (50 and older) - PSA test Q year, digital exam Q year 11. testicular cancer Self exam every month 12. Colorectal cancer (men and women) - fecal occult blood test Q year - sigmoidoscopy Q3-5 years - colonoscopy Q 3-5 years 13. Skin Cancer - clinical exam yearly 14. oral cancer - yearly with dental checkup 15. Oral cancer Cancerous growths on the lips, tongue or elsewhere in the mouth. Sores do not heal and will metastasize if not removed 16. Bone density - every 2 years 17. Vision - every year 18. Immunnizations - tetanus diptheria (every 10 years) - FLU (every year) - Pneumococcal PPV those who receive 1 dose before age 65 should receive another dose at age 65 or later if at least 5 years have elapsed - zoster vaccine 19. Genetic Theory - holds that life span depends to a great extent on genetic factors - genes within the organism control "genetic clock" - genes determine metabolic rate and cell division - wear and tear theory 20. Immunity Theory - focuses on the function of the immune system (composed of the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes - decrease in thymus gland - decrease in T cells - nutrition plays an important role so there is a focus in vitamin supplements - increase in autoimmunity, infection, cancer 21. Cross linkage theory - is a chemical reaction that produces damage to DNA and cell death - as one ages cross links accumulates, leading to essential molecules in the cell binding together and interfering with normal cell function 22. free radical theory - formed during cellular metabolism, are molecules with separated high energy electrons, which can have adverse effects on adjacent molecules - accumulation of these free radicals causes cellular death 23. KATZ - Bathing: only help with a single part - Ambulation: - Toileting - Transfers - Eating - Dressing 24. Stages of Alzheimer's: Stage 1 - independent in ADLS - Denies presents of symptoms - Forgets names, misplaces household items - short term memory loss, difficulty recalling new information - subtle changes in behavior and personality - mild cognitive impairment - problems with judgement - less engaged in social relationships - decreased sense of smell 25. Stages of Alzheimer's Stage 2 - impairment of all cognitive function - unable to handle finances - disorientation to time place and event - possible depression and agitation - increased dependence on ADLS - visuospatial deficits - difficulty driving, gets lost - incontinent - wandering, trouble sleeping 26. Stages of Alzheimer's Stage 3 - bedridden - totally dependent in ADLS - loss of facial recognition (agnosia) - motor and verbal skills lost - general neurologic deficit 27. what can happen to dentures with aging - the fit can change if the older adult loses weight, dentures are expensive so the elderly might use the ill fitting dentures anyway or try and gum their food 28. Older adults need an increased amount of what nutrients - Calcium - vitamin C,D,A - 29. Diminished senses can lead to what? - diminished senses of taste and smell which can cause a loss of desire for food 30. pre albumin -15-36 gives you a marker for the last two days shows nutrition status more sensitive goes up 1mg/DL/day 31. Albumin 3.5-5 protein for a couple weeks 32. total lymphocyte count - assess the immune function, malnutrition can suppress the immune system and make to pt more susceptible to infection - when the pt is malnourished the TLC is <1500