Genetics Exam test quiz and
answers graded A+
Genome - ANS✅✅All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Allele - ANS✅✅different forms of the same gene
DNA - ANS✅✅A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
Chromosomes - ANS✅✅threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Gene - ANS✅✅sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
sister chromatids - ANS✅✅Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere
and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.
Centromere - ANS✅✅-the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids
together during mitosis.
-attach to spindle fibers which move the tetrads around.
-represents one chromosome, even if sis chrom. are attached, once they're separated then they're
two.
locus - ANS✅✅Location of a gene on a chromosome
homologous chromosomes - ANS✅✅Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the
same structure
Diploid - ANS✅✅containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. (2n)
Haploid - ANS✅✅having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (n)
- humans: n=23
, asexual reproduction - ANS✅✅identical genetic copy of yourself (mitotic).
-budding, parthenogenesis
-very little variation
sexual reproduction - ANS✅✅haploid cell (gametes) from different individuals combines to
produce a unique diploid individual.
somatic cells - ANS✅✅Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells
Gamete - ANS✅✅specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
Karyotype - ANS✅✅A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
non-sister chromatids - ANS✅✅Chromatids from opposite members of a homologous pair. These
cross over at prophase I.
Chromatin - ANS✅✅Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Synapsis - ANS✅✅the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Meiosis - ANS✅✅Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms.
-cell's goal is to have half of each homologous pair.
Meiosis I - ANS✅✅Reductional division, the first stage of meiotic cell division, in which the number
of chromosomes is halved into daughter cells. (diploid --> haploid)
Interphase S phase - ANS✅✅chromosomes are duplicated (DNA replication) before meiosis
Prophase - ANS✅✅previously replicated chromosomes are condensed, homologous chromosomes
are aligned.
answers graded A+
Genome - ANS✅✅All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Allele - ANS✅✅different forms of the same gene
DNA - ANS✅✅A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
Chromosomes - ANS✅✅threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Gene - ANS✅✅sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
sister chromatids - ANS✅✅Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere
and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.
Centromere - ANS✅✅-the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids
together during mitosis.
-attach to spindle fibers which move the tetrads around.
-represents one chromosome, even if sis chrom. are attached, once they're separated then they're
two.
locus - ANS✅✅Location of a gene on a chromosome
homologous chromosomes - ANS✅✅Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the
same structure
Diploid - ANS✅✅containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. (2n)
Haploid - ANS✅✅having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (n)
- humans: n=23
, asexual reproduction - ANS✅✅identical genetic copy of yourself (mitotic).
-budding, parthenogenesis
-very little variation
sexual reproduction - ANS✅✅haploid cell (gametes) from different individuals combines to
produce a unique diploid individual.
somatic cells - ANS✅✅Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells
Gamete - ANS✅✅specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
Karyotype - ANS✅✅A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
non-sister chromatids - ANS✅✅Chromatids from opposite members of a homologous pair. These
cross over at prophase I.
Chromatin - ANS✅✅Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Synapsis - ANS✅✅the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Meiosis - ANS✅✅Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms.
-cell's goal is to have half of each homologous pair.
Meiosis I - ANS✅✅Reductional division, the first stage of meiotic cell division, in which the number
of chromosomes is halved into daughter cells. (diploid --> haploid)
Interphase S phase - ANS✅✅chromosomes are duplicated (DNA replication) before meiosis
Prophase - ANS✅✅previously replicated chromosomes are condensed, homologous chromosomes
are aligned.
