Genetics Exam Questions and
answers graded A+
Which of the following statements is the most accurate in regards to mice pups who receive less
maternal nurturing? - ANS✅✅As adults they have increased promoter methylation.
Which gene did the authors predict was methylated in a nurture-dependent manner? -
ANS✅✅Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
The authors knew of two populations of rat mothers, each with different behaviors. Which of the
following best describes high-nurturing rat mothers? - ANS✅✅Licking and arched-back nursing
The authors use trichostatin A (TSA) in some of their experiments. What does it do? - ANS✅✅TSA
inhibits HDAC.
In figure 1a, the shaded box around a portion of the sequence represents the NGF1-A binding site.
What is the relationship of NGF1-A and GR? - ANS✅✅NGF1-A is an activator of GR
We describes chromosomes in an interphase nucleus as "organized spaghetti". A eukaryotic
chromosome exists in its __________________________, while the space in between chromosomes
is the _________________________. - ANS✅✅chromosome territory, interchromosomal domain
What type of DNA sequence would a repressor protein bind to? - ANS✅✅silencer
The pre-initiation complex (PIC) contains several proteins. What would be the direct consequence be
if PIC failed to form? - ANS✅✅Transcription would not be initiated.
In regards to mRNA stability, what is the effect of decapping enzymes? - ANS✅✅The m7G cap of
mRNAs is removed causing mRNAs to be degraded from the 5' end.
Which of the following is the most common place to find DNA methylation? - ANS✅✅on cytosines
when adjacent to guanines
, Which of the following would be an example of a cis acting eukaryotic gene regulatory element? -
ANS✅✅enhancer
A regulatory sequence of DNA that is 10,000 base pairs away from the gene it regulates is mutated.
The result is that the gene being regulated is now expressed at a higher rate compared to when this
regulatory sequence was not mutated. What would the wild-type sequence be called (before it was
mutated)? - ANS✅✅silencer
If you mutate a silencer, gene expression will increase because the wild-type function of a silencer is
to repress gene expression.
Which of the following statements about transcriptional regulation is false? - ANS✅✅A response
element binds to an enhancer.
What is one cause for the 21,000 protein encoding sequences in the human genome producing
between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins? - ANS✅✅alternative splicing
Oxidants are molecules that can damage other molecules within the cell, including DNA, causing cell
death or cancer. Oxidants can be toxins, such as venom or plant poisons, or toxicants, such as heavy
metals or the chemicals in cigarette smoke. Antioxidants are molecules within the cell that
deactivate oxidants. Antioxidants can come from a person's diet, such as some vitamins, or can be
synthesized within the cell and can be small molecules or proteins. The human genome contains
many genes that encode antioxidant proteins. The transcription of these genes is upregulated using
antioxidant response elements (AREs) when damaging oxidants flood the cell. Isothiocyanates (ITCs)
are found in broccoli and other leafy green vegetables. It is known that when ITCs are added to cells
grown in culture, the amount of antioxidant proteins increases in the cells.
As a nutrition scientist, you are interested in learning the mechani - ANS✅✅Adding ITC to the
system will increase relative fluorescence units (RFU).
Which protein modification is most closely linked to protein degradation? - ANS✅✅ubiquitination
If a promoter region is mutated in such a way that it can no longer be methylated, what would the
most likely effect be? - ANS✅✅The gene linked to that promoter would be over expressed.
Which of the following is the most common place to find DNA methylation? - ANS✅✅on cytosines
when adjacent to guanines
The sum of histone modifications and their interactions is called the ________. - ANS✅✅histone
code
answers graded A+
Which of the following statements is the most accurate in regards to mice pups who receive less
maternal nurturing? - ANS✅✅As adults they have increased promoter methylation.
Which gene did the authors predict was methylated in a nurture-dependent manner? -
ANS✅✅Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
The authors knew of two populations of rat mothers, each with different behaviors. Which of the
following best describes high-nurturing rat mothers? - ANS✅✅Licking and arched-back nursing
The authors use trichostatin A (TSA) in some of their experiments. What does it do? - ANS✅✅TSA
inhibits HDAC.
In figure 1a, the shaded box around a portion of the sequence represents the NGF1-A binding site.
What is the relationship of NGF1-A and GR? - ANS✅✅NGF1-A is an activator of GR
We describes chromosomes in an interphase nucleus as "organized spaghetti". A eukaryotic
chromosome exists in its __________________________, while the space in between chromosomes
is the _________________________. - ANS✅✅chromosome territory, interchromosomal domain
What type of DNA sequence would a repressor protein bind to? - ANS✅✅silencer
The pre-initiation complex (PIC) contains several proteins. What would be the direct consequence be
if PIC failed to form? - ANS✅✅Transcription would not be initiated.
In regards to mRNA stability, what is the effect of decapping enzymes? - ANS✅✅The m7G cap of
mRNAs is removed causing mRNAs to be degraded from the 5' end.
Which of the following is the most common place to find DNA methylation? - ANS✅✅on cytosines
when adjacent to guanines
, Which of the following would be an example of a cis acting eukaryotic gene regulatory element? -
ANS✅✅enhancer
A regulatory sequence of DNA that is 10,000 base pairs away from the gene it regulates is mutated.
The result is that the gene being regulated is now expressed at a higher rate compared to when this
regulatory sequence was not mutated. What would the wild-type sequence be called (before it was
mutated)? - ANS✅✅silencer
If you mutate a silencer, gene expression will increase because the wild-type function of a silencer is
to repress gene expression.
Which of the following statements about transcriptional regulation is false? - ANS✅✅A response
element binds to an enhancer.
What is one cause for the 21,000 protein encoding sequences in the human genome producing
between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins? - ANS✅✅alternative splicing
Oxidants are molecules that can damage other molecules within the cell, including DNA, causing cell
death or cancer. Oxidants can be toxins, such as venom or plant poisons, or toxicants, such as heavy
metals or the chemicals in cigarette smoke. Antioxidants are molecules within the cell that
deactivate oxidants. Antioxidants can come from a person's diet, such as some vitamins, or can be
synthesized within the cell and can be small molecules or proteins. The human genome contains
many genes that encode antioxidant proteins. The transcription of these genes is upregulated using
antioxidant response elements (AREs) when damaging oxidants flood the cell. Isothiocyanates (ITCs)
are found in broccoli and other leafy green vegetables. It is known that when ITCs are added to cells
grown in culture, the amount of antioxidant proteins increases in the cells.
As a nutrition scientist, you are interested in learning the mechani - ANS✅✅Adding ITC to the
system will increase relative fluorescence units (RFU).
Which protein modification is most closely linked to protein degradation? - ANS✅✅ubiquitination
If a promoter region is mutated in such a way that it can no longer be methylated, what would the
most likely effect be? - ANS✅✅The gene linked to that promoter would be over expressed.
Which of the following is the most common place to find DNA methylation? - ANS✅✅on cytosines
when adjacent to guanines
The sum of histone modifications and their interactions is called the ________. - ANS✅✅histone
code
