MODULE 1 REVIEW QUIZ (16 QUESTIONS), BIOD 171, PORTAGE LEARNING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

MODULE 1 REVIEW QUIZ (16
QUESTIONS), BIOD 171, PORTAGE
LEARNING QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
MicrobiologyA2isA2theA2studyA2ofA2what?A2-
A2MyA2answer:A2MicrobiologyA2isA2theA2studyA2ofA2microorganismsA2andA2theirA2biologicalA
2processesA2atA2whatA2isA2calledA2theA2"micro"A2orA2"microscopic"A2level.


AnswerA2Key:A2MicrobiologyA2isA2theA2studyA2ofA2microbesA2(microorganismsA2andA2virus
es)A2andA2theirA2biologicalA2processes.

WhatA2isA2theA2smallestA2biologicalA2unitA2ofA2life?A2-A2theA2cell

WhatA2isA2aA2macromolecule?A2-
A2MyA2answer:A2MacromoleculesA2areA2largeA2andA2complicatedA2moleculesA2thatA2areA2
madeA2upA2ofA2smallerA2molecules.A2ExamplesA2ofA2macromoleculesA2areA2polysaccharid
es,A2lipids,A2nucleicA2acids,A2andA2proteins.
MoreA2info:
-
A2ProteinsA2areA2madeA2upA2ofA2aminoA2acidsA2(ofA2whichA2thereA2areA220A2differentA2type
s).
-
A2NucleicA2AcidsA2canA2beA2eitherA2DNAA2orA2RNA.A2NucleicA2acidsA2areA2madeA2upA2ofA2
nucleotides.A2ForA2DNA,A2theA2nucleotidesA2areA2adenineA2(A),A2guanineA2(G),A2cytosineA
2(C)A2andA2thymineA2(T).A2ForA2RNA,A2theA2nucleotidesA2areA2adenineA2(A),A2guanineA2(G)
,A2cytosineA2(C)A2andA2uracilA2(U).
-A2LipidsA2areA2madeA2upA2ofA2hydrocarbons.
-A2PolysaccharidesA2areA2madeA2upA2ofA2monosaccharides.

AnswerA2Key:A2AA2macromoleculeA2isA2classifiedA2asA2aA2complexA2moleculeA2thatA2isA2co
mposedA2fromA2smallerA2subunits.

WhatA2areA2theA2fourA2mainA2typesA2ofA2macromolecules?A2-
A2MyA2answer:A2polysaccharides,A2lipids,A2nucleicA2acids,A2proteins


AnswerA2Key:A2Proteins,A2nucleicA2acids,A2lipidsA2andA2polysaccharides

WhatA2variousA2functionsA2doA2proteinsA2haveA2inA2aA2cell?A2-A2MyA2Answer:
ProteinsA2haveA2severalA2functionsA2inA2theA2cell;
1.A2ToA2assistA2materialsA2inA2movingA2inA2andA2outA2ofA2theA2cell

, 2.A2ToA2actA2asA2aA2catalystA2enzymeA2whichA2speedsA2upA2aA2biochemicalA2process
3.A2ToA2provideA2structureA2inA2theA2cell
4.A2ToA2enableA2movementA2(e.g.A2filaments)

AnswerA2Key:A2ProteinsA2mayA2facilitateA2theA2movementA2ofA2materialsA2inA2orA2outA2ofA2
aA2cell.A2SomeA2canA2actA2asA2enzymesA2thatA2catalyze,A2orA2speedA2up,A2biochemicalA2p
rocesses.A2OthersA2playA2aA2structuralA2roleA2whileA2otherA2proteins,A2suchA2asA2filaments
,A2enableA2movement.

WhatA2areA2theA2twoA2majorA2typesA2ofA2nucleicA2acidsA2andA2theirA2roles?A2-
A2MyA2Answer:A2TheA2twoA2majorA2typesA2ofA2nucleicA2acidsA2andA2theirA2rolesA2areA2asA2f
ollows;
1.A2DNA:A2DeoxyribonucleicA2acid
DNAA2isA2locatedA2inA2theA2nucleusA2ofA2theA2cell.A2DNA'sA2roleA2inA2theA2cellA2isA2toA2store
A2hereditaryA2information.
2.A2RNA:A2RibonucleicA2acid
RNAA2isA2locatedA2inA2nucleusA2asA2well,A2butA2canA2alsoA2travelA2outsideA2ofA2theA2nucleu
sA2intoA2otherA2partsA2ofA2theA2cell.

AnswerA2Key:A2ThereA2areA2twoA2majorA2typesA2ofA2nucleicA2acids:A2DNAA2(deoxyribonucl
eicA2acid)A2andA2RNAA2(ribonucleicA2acid).A2NucleicA2acidsA2areA2chemicalA2moleculesA2th
atA2carryA2geneticA2informationA2withinA2theA2cell.A2DNAA2containsA2aA2vastA2amountA2ofA2
hereditaryA2informationA2andA2isA2responsibleA2forA2theA2inheritableA2characteristicsA2ofA2li
vingA2organisms.A2RNAA2isA2responsibleA2forA2decipheringA2theA2hereditaryA2informationA2
inA2DNAA2andA2usingA2itA2toA2synthesizeA2proteins.

WhatA2isA2theA2plasmaA2membrane,A2andA2whatA2isA2itA2madeA2upA2of?A2-
A2MyA2answer:A2TheA2plasmaA2membrane,A2asA2theA2outerA2portionA2ofA2theA2cell,A2serves
A2toA2containA2andA2protectA2theA2cell'sA2cytoplasmicA2spaceA2fromA2outsideA2elements.A2It
'sA2semipermeableA2whichA2meansA2itA2hasA2theA2abilityA2toA2allowA2onlyA2certainA2substa
ncesA2toA2passA2through.
TheA2plasmaA2membraneA2isA2aA2lipidA2bilayerA2madeA2upA2ofA2phospholipids.A2OneA2laye
rA2hasA2itsA2hydrophilicA2headsA2pointedA2toA2theA2outsideA2ofA2theA2cell,A2withA2hydrophob
icA2tailsA2insideA2theA2cellA2membrane.A2TheA2secondA2laterA2hasA2itsA2hydrophilicA2heads
A2pointedA2toA2theA2insideA2ofA2theA2cell,A2withA2theA2hydrophobicA2tailsA2insideA2theA2cellA2
membraneA2asA2well.A2Essentially,A2theA2hydrophobicA2tailsA2areA2pointedA2towardA2eachA
2otherA2(touchingA2neitherA2theA2outsideA2norA2insideA2ofA2theA2cell)A2withA2theA2outerA2hyd
rophilicA2headsA2pointingA2outsideA2theA2cellA2andA2theA2innerA2hydrophilicA2headsA2pointi
ngA2insideA2theA2cell.

AnswerA2Key:A2TheA2plasmaA2membraneA2servesA2theA2cellA2asA2aA2surroundingA2barrierA
2thatA2separatesA2theA2insideA2ofA2theA2cellA2fromA2theA2outsideA2surroundingA2environme
nt.A2TheA2plasmaA2membraneA2alsoA2restrictsA2theA2movementA2ofA2materialsA2(water,A2n
utrients,A2etc)A2eitherA2inA2orA2outA2ofA2theA2cell,A2thusA2allowingA2aA2cellsA2toA2absorbA2an
dA2keepA2whatA2isA2neededA2(influx)A2whileA2alsoA2preventingA2theA2escapeA2(outA2flux)A2o