NR 224 Fundamentals Exam 1 UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER - is the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms, resulting in disease. Entry and multiplication of organisms result in disease
Colonization - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs when a microorganism invades the host but
does not cause infection
Communicable Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - is the infectious disease transmitted
from one person to another.
If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms.... - CORRECT ANSWER -
the infection is symptomatic
If clinical signs and symptoms are not present.. - CORRECT ANSWER - the illness is
asymptomatic
***Most important technique to use in preventing and controlling transmission of infection is....
- CORRECT ANSWER - HAND HYGIENE!
***Chain of Infection - CORRECT ANSWER - 1)Infectious agent or pathogen
2)Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3)Portal of exit
4)Mode of transmission
5)Portal of entry
6)Susceptible host
,Direct contact - CORRECT ANSWER - Person to person OR Person to source
Indirect contact - CORRECT ANSWER - Person to inanimate object
Droplet contact - CORRECT ANSWER - Coughing, Sneezing, Talking (Lg particle only 3
ft)
Airborne - CORRECT ANSWER - Droplet nuclei or residue suspended in air or carried on
dust particles
Vehicles - CORRECT ANSWER - Food, water, drugs and solutions, blood, fomites
Vector - CORRECT ANSWER - -External transfer
-Internal Transmission (parasitic) Mosquito, louse, flea, tick
Immunocompromised - CORRECT ANSWER - means having an impaired immune
system.
Virulence - CORRECT ANSWER - is the ability to produce disease
Aerobic Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - require oxygen for survival and for
multiplication sufficient to cause disease.
Anaerobic - CORRECT ANSWER - thrive where little or no free oxygen is available.
Bacteriostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - prevention of growth and reproduction of
bacteria.
Bactericidal - CORRECT ANSWER - destructive to bacteria
,Normal flora - CORRECT ANSWER - helps to resist infection by releasing antibacterial
substances and inhibiting multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms
Factors influencing infection prevention and control... - CORRECT ANSWER - Age
Nutritional status
Stress
Disease process
Treatments or conditions that compromise the immune response
Health Care Associated Infection (HAI's) (Nosocomial) - CORRECT ANSWER - Results
from delivery of health services in a health care facility
Patients at greater risk of HAI... - CORRECT ANSWER - Multiple illnesses
Older adults
Poorly nourished
Lowered resistance to infection
Critical illness
invasive treatment devices
Major sites for HAI's... - CORRECT ANSWER - Surgical or traumatic wounds
Urinary and respiratory tracts
Bloodstream
More complex condition of the patient... - CORRECT ANSWER - Less people should be
taking care of them
***Medical Asepsis - CORRECT ANSWER - Controlling Pathogen
Hand hygiene
, "Clean procedure"
Common on home, ECF, assisted living
Standard precautions (CDC)
***Sterile Asepsis - CORRECT ANSWER - Killing or eliminating pathogen
Scrub (Surgical)
PPE Sterile handling
Common in hospital
***Principles of Surgical Asepsis - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. A sterile object remains
sterile only when touched by another sterile object.
2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field.
3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a person's waist is
contaminated.
4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.
5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or
field becomes contaminated by capillary action.
6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity.
7. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated.
Disinfection - CORRECT ANSWER - a process that eliminates many or all
microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER - is the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms, resulting in disease. Entry and multiplication of organisms result in disease
Colonization - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs when a microorganism invades the host but
does not cause infection
Communicable Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - is the infectious disease transmitted
from one person to another.
If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms.... - CORRECT ANSWER -
the infection is symptomatic
If clinical signs and symptoms are not present.. - CORRECT ANSWER - the illness is
asymptomatic
***Most important technique to use in preventing and controlling transmission of infection is....
- CORRECT ANSWER - HAND HYGIENE!
***Chain of Infection - CORRECT ANSWER - 1)Infectious agent or pathogen
2)Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3)Portal of exit
4)Mode of transmission
5)Portal of entry
6)Susceptible host
,Direct contact - CORRECT ANSWER - Person to person OR Person to source
Indirect contact - CORRECT ANSWER - Person to inanimate object
Droplet contact - CORRECT ANSWER - Coughing, Sneezing, Talking (Lg particle only 3
ft)
Airborne - CORRECT ANSWER - Droplet nuclei or residue suspended in air or carried on
dust particles
Vehicles - CORRECT ANSWER - Food, water, drugs and solutions, blood, fomites
Vector - CORRECT ANSWER - -External transfer
-Internal Transmission (parasitic) Mosquito, louse, flea, tick
Immunocompromised - CORRECT ANSWER - means having an impaired immune
system.
Virulence - CORRECT ANSWER - is the ability to produce disease
Aerobic Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - require oxygen for survival and for
multiplication sufficient to cause disease.
Anaerobic - CORRECT ANSWER - thrive where little or no free oxygen is available.
Bacteriostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - prevention of growth and reproduction of
bacteria.
Bactericidal - CORRECT ANSWER - destructive to bacteria
,Normal flora - CORRECT ANSWER - helps to resist infection by releasing antibacterial
substances and inhibiting multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms
Factors influencing infection prevention and control... - CORRECT ANSWER - Age
Nutritional status
Stress
Disease process
Treatments or conditions that compromise the immune response
Health Care Associated Infection (HAI's) (Nosocomial) - CORRECT ANSWER - Results
from delivery of health services in a health care facility
Patients at greater risk of HAI... - CORRECT ANSWER - Multiple illnesses
Older adults
Poorly nourished
Lowered resistance to infection
Critical illness
invasive treatment devices
Major sites for HAI's... - CORRECT ANSWER - Surgical or traumatic wounds
Urinary and respiratory tracts
Bloodstream
More complex condition of the patient... - CORRECT ANSWER - Less people should be
taking care of them
***Medical Asepsis - CORRECT ANSWER - Controlling Pathogen
Hand hygiene
, "Clean procedure"
Common on home, ECF, assisted living
Standard precautions (CDC)
***Sterile Asepsis - CORRECT ANSWER - Killing or eliminating pathogen
Scrub (Surgical)
PPE Sterile handling
Common in hospital
***Principles of Surgical Asepsis - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. A sterile object remains
sterile only when touched by another sterile object.
2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field.
3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a person's waist is
contaminated.
4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.
5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or
field becomes contaminated by capillary action.
6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity.
7. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated.
Disinfection - CORRECT ANSWER - a process that eliminates many or all
microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects
