11/17/25, 7:33 AM TRU Biol 2131 Exam Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) Most Recent exam COMPLETE (2025) (Latest Update 2025) UP…
TRU Biol 2131 Exam Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers) Most Recent exam COMPLETE
(2025) (Latest Update 2025) UPDATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (239)
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
What are the 3 tenets of 2) The cell is the structural unit of life
the cell theory? 3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing
cell
- Cells are highly complex and organized
- Possess a genetic program
- Can reproduce
Fundamental properties
- Acquire and use energy
that are shared by all cells
- Carry out chemical reactions
(9)?
- Engage in mechanical activities
- Respond to stimuli
- Capable of self-regulation
Light energy is converted by photosynthesis into
How is energy passed
chemical energy that is stored in energy-rich
from one organism to the
carbohydrates. These carbs are source of energy for
next?
animal cells.
PM, genetic info (DNA), similar mechanisms for
Common features transcription/translation, shared metabolic pathways
between PROK and EUK (glycolysis, TCA), ATP, photosynthesis mechanisms,
(9) protein synthesis, proteasomes, cytoskeletal filaments
built of proteins similar to actin and tubulin
https://quizlet.com/1109275487/tru-biol-2131-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-most-recent-exam-complete-2025-latest-update-2025-u… 1/26
,11/17/25, 7:33 AM TRU Biol 2131 Exam Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) Most Recent exam COMPLETE (2025) (Latest Update 2025) UP…
nucleus, complex chromosomes (DNA + histones),
cytoplasmic organelles, complex cytoskeletal
EUK only features
system/flagella/cilia, phagocytosis, diploidy, sexual
reproduction, mitotic spindles
two domains of PROK archae and bacteria
cells (archae are more closely related to EUK)
EUK specialized cells are differentiation
formed by
As cell size increases, decreases
surface area/volume ratio
___
Larger the cell (cytoplasmic volume) = longer it takes
Surface area/volume ratio to move things in/out, generate messages required by
importance in cell size. cell
- Too big = SA not sufficient to support cell activities
viruses - obligatory means they cannot produce unless present within a
intracellular parasites host cell
are viruses considered no; inability to reproduce/metabolize without host
living organisms? cells
The similarities reflect the fact that EUK cells have
evolved almost certainly from PROK ancestors. Due
Evolutionary importance
to their common ancestry, the two types of cells share
of common properties
an identical genetic code that uses DNA and RNA, a
between PROK and EUK?
common set of metabolic pathways, and many
common structural features.
- Use host cell machinery to make new virions
Lytic infections - Will lyse host to release progeny to infect other
cells
- Virus integrates DNA into host cell (provirus)
lysogenic infections - No lysing of host
- Effects depend on type of virus
https://quizlet.com/1109275487/tru-biol-2131-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-most-recent-exam-complete-2025-latest-update-2025-u… 2/26
, 11/17/25, 7:33 AM TRU Biol 2131 Exam Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) Most Recent exam COMPLETE (2025) (Latest Update 2025) UP…
infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA
molecule that lacks a protein coat. Thought to cause
viroid
disease by interfering with the cell's normal path of
gene expression
Can viruses be treated No
with antibiotics?
Most sugars have the Ch2O
general formula
carbs can be joined glycosidic
together by covalent
___bonds
small chains often found covalently attached to lipids
and proteins, converting them into glycolipids and
glycoproteins.
oligosaccharides - role? - 15 glucose or fewer per chain
- Role in mediating the interactions of a cell with its
environment and sorting of membrane proteins to
different cellular compartments
- highly branched, energy storages.
glycogen - Glucose polymer
- animal cells
helical arrangement, energy storage.
Glucose polymer
- Amylose (unbranched) vs amylopectin (branched)
starch
- Stored as densely packed granules enclosed in
membrane bound organelles (plastids) within the
plant cell
unbranched, highly extended, structural role.
Cellulose
Main component in plant cell walls
a polysaccharide that makes up the exoskeleton of
Chitin insects and the cell walls of fungi
- does not consist of glucose monomers
hydrogenation of fat converts some cis bonds to trans = straighter
https://quizlet.com/1109275487/tru-biol-2131-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-most-recent-exam-complete-2025-latest-update-2025-u… 3/26
TRU Biol 2131 Exam Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers) Most Recent exam COMPLETE
(2025) (Latest Update 2025) UPDATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (239)
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
What are the 3 tenets of 2) The cell is the structural unit of life
the cell theory? 3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing
cell
- Cells are highly complex and organized
- Possess a genetic program
- Can reproduce
Fundamental properties
- Acquire and use energy
that are shared by all cells
- Carry out chemical reactions
(9)?
- Engage in mechanical activities
- Respond to stimuli
- Capable of self-regulation
Light energy is converted by photosynthesis into
How is energy passed
chemical energy that is stored in energy-rich
from one organism to the
carbohydrates. These carbs are source of energy for
next?
animal cells.
PM, genetic info (DNA), similar mechanisms for
Common features transcription/translation, shared metabolic pathways
between PROK and EUK (glycolysis, TCA), ATP, photosynthesis mechanisms,
(9) protein synthesis, proteasomes, cytoskeletal filaments
built of proteins similar to actin and tubulin
https://quizlet.com/1109275487/tru-biol-2131-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-most-recent-exam-complete-2025-latest-update-2025-u… 1/26
,11/17/25, 7:33 AM TRU Biol 2131 Exam Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) Most Recent exam COMPLETE (2025) (Latest Update 2025) UP…
nucleus, complex chromosomes (DNA + histones),
cytoplasmic organelles, complex cytoskeletal
EUK only features
system/flagella/cilia, phagocytosis, diploidy, sexual
reproduction, mitotic spindles
two domains of PROK archae and bacteria
cells (archae are more closely related to EUK)
EUK specialized cells are differentiation
formed by
As cell size increases, decreases
surface area/volume ratio
___
Larger the cell (cytoplasmic volume) = longer it takes
Surface area/volume ratio to move things in/out, generate messages required by
importance in cell size. cell
- Too big = SA not sufficient to support cell activities
viruses - obligatory means they cannot produce unless present within a
intracellular parasites host cell
are viruses considered no; inability to reproduce/metabolize without host
living organisms? cells
The similarities reflect the fact that EUK cells have
evolved almost certainly from PROK ancestors. Due
Evolutionary importance
to their common ancestry, the two types of cells share
of common properties
an identical genetic code that uses DNA and RNA, a
between PROK and EUK?
common set of metabolic pathways, and many
common structural features.
- Use host cell machinery to make new virions
Lytic infections - Will lyse host to release progeny to infect other
cells
- Virus integrates DNA into host cell (provirus)
lysogenic infections - No lysing of host
- Effects depend on type of virus
https://quizlet.com/1109275487/tru-biol-2131-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-most-recent-exam-complete-2025-latest-update-2025-u… 2/26
, 11/17/25, 7:33 AM TRU Biol 2131 Exam Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) Most Recent exam COMPLETE (2025) (Latest Update 2025) UP…
infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA
molecule that lacks a protein coat. Thought to cause
viroid
disease by interfering with the cell's normal path of
gene expression
Can viruses be treated No
with antibiotics?
Most sugars have the Ch2O
general formula
carbs can be joined glycosidic
together by covalent
___bonds
small chains often found covalently attached to lipids
and proteins, converting them into glycolipids and
glycoproteins.
oligosaccharides - role? - 15 glucose or fewer per chain
- Role in mediating the interactions of a cell with its
environment and sorting of membrane proteins to
different cellular compartments
- highly branched, energy storages.
glycogen - Glucose polymer
- animal cells
helical arrangement, energy storage.
Glucose polymer
- Amylose (unbranched) vs amylopectin (branched)
starch
- Stored as densely packed granules enclosed in
membrane bound organelles (plastids) within the
plant cell
unbranched, highly extended, structural role.
Cellulose
Main component in plant cell walls
a polysaccharide that makes up the exoskeleton of
Chitin insects and the cell walls of fungi
- does not consist of glucose monomers
hydrogenation of fat converts some cis bonds to trans = straighter
https://quizlet.com/1109275487/tru-biol-2131-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-most-recent-exam-complete-2025-latest-update-2025-u… 3/26
