FAU Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers

FAU Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions
With Correct Answers

Herpes |Simplex |Virus |(HSV) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |most |common |cause |of |genital |ulcers
|in |the |US



Women |are |at |greater |risk |because |of |greater |mucosal |surface |area |exposed



Can |be |passed |to |an |infant |during |childbirth |if |the |virus |is |actively |being |shed |from |the |genital
|tract




Pregnant |women |with |a |history |of |genital |herpes |are |started |on |valacyclovir |suppression |at |36
|weeks |gestation




If |a |woman |has |an |outbreak |of |herpes |when |she |presents |in |labor, |a |cesarean |section |birth |is |
recommended



Disseminated |neonatal |infection |carries |high |mortality |and |morbidity |rates



Human |Immunodeficiency |Virus |(HIV) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-HIV |is |an |enveloped |retrovirus

-Specifically, |the |subfamily |of |lentiviruses



HIV |selectively |attacks |the |CD4+ |T |Lymphocytes |("T |helper |cells")

-Also |attacks |Macrophages |and |dendritic |cells



These |cells |are |the |immune |cells |responsible |for |orchestrating |and |coordinating |the |immune |
response |to |infection

,Progression |of |HIV |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Until |CD4+ |T |cell |count |falls |to |a |very |low |level |the
|person |remains |asymptomatic




HIV |can |produce |slowly |progressive |fatal |diseases |like |wasting |syndrome |and |CNS |
degeneration



Classification |of |HIV:

-Category |1= |>500 |cells

-Category |2=200-499 |cells

-Category |3=<200 |cells



Clinical |Categories:

-A=Asymptomatic

-B=immune |deficiency |but |not |AIDS |defining |

-c=AIDS |defining |illnesses



*Infections |that |occur |in |AIDS |are |the |direct |result |of |viral |activity*



-Wasting

-Candida |infections

-Leukoplakia

-Mycobacterium |TB

-Pneumocystis |Jiroveci |Pneumonia

-Kaposi |Sarcoma

-Non-hodgkin |Lymphoma

-Cervical |and |anal |cancers

,-CNS |Toxoplasmosis

-HIV |encephalopathy



Clinical |Course |of |HIV |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Typical |Progressors |= |60%-70% |develop |AIDS |
10-11 |years |after |HIV |infection



2. |Rapid |Progressors |= |10%-20% |progress |rapidly |with |development |of |AIDS |in |less |than |5 |
years



3. |Slow |Progressors |= |5%-15% |do |not |progress |to |AIDS |for |more |than |15 |years



*Long-Term |Nonprogressors |= |1% |infected |for |at |least |8 |years |and |are |antiretroviral |naive |and |
have |high |CD4 |counts |and |low |viral |loads



Benign |Prostatic |Hyperplasia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Also |known |as |"Nodular |Prostatic |
Hyperplasia"



-Age |related |(most |common |in |75% |of |men |over |80yrs)



-Nonmalignant |enlargement |of |the |prostate |gland



-large, |discrete |lesions |in |the |periurethral |region |of |the |prostate |rather |than |the |peripheral |
zones



Low |Urinary |Tract |Symptoms:

-Dynamic=related |to |smooth |muscle |tone. |Treat |with |Alpha |adrenergic |receptor |blockers



-Static |= |related |to |an |increase |in |prostatic |size |and |gives |rise |to |symptoms:

, weak |urine |stream

postvoid |dribbling

frequency |

nocturia |

UTI

Hydroureter

Hydronephrosis



Renal |Calculi |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Most |common |cause |of |upper |urinary |tract |obstruction

*Does |not |have |to |do |with |sodium |levels*



Polycrystalline |aggregates |composed |of |materials |that |the |kidneys |normally |excrete |in |urine

-Calcium |Salts

-Uric |Acid

-Magnesium |Ammonium |Phosphate

-Cysteine



Factors |in |Stone |Formation:

1. |Supersaturated |Urine |(Acidic |pH)



2. |Presence |of |a |nucleus |or |nidus |for |crystal |formation



3. |Deficiency |of |inhibitors |of |stone |formation |(magnesium, |citrate)
|



4. |Urine |Stasis