NORRIS PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAP. 1
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE NEWEST ACTUAL
2025/2026 EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS/ VERIFIED/GRADED A+/
A syndrome is a compilation of signs and symptoms (e.g.,
chronic fatigue syndrome) that are characteristic of a specific
disease state. Complications are possible adverse extensions
of a disease or outcomes from treatment. Sequelae are
lesions or impairments that follow or are caused by a disease.
There is no name for a group of disease states that all have
the same cause.
A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed
at the prevention, identification, and treatment of diabetes on a
large Indian reservation. Which aspect of the program would
most likely be classified as secondary prevention?
a) Administering oral antihyperglycemic medications to clients
who have a diagnosis of diabetes.
b) Teaching school children how a nutritious, traditional diet
can lessen their chances of developing adult-onset diabetes.
c) Staffing a booth where community residents who are
attending a baseball tournament can have their blood glucose
levels checked.
Page 1 of 33
,d) Regularly scheduled wound dressing changes for clients
who have foot ulcers secondary to peripheral neuropathy and
impaired wound healing. - ----Answers---c) Staffing a booth
where community residents who are attending a baseball
tournament can have their blood glucose levels checked.
Secondary prevention focuses on screening and early disease
identification, such as checking the blood glucose levels of a
large number of individuals to identify potential cases of
diabetes. Wound treatment and medication administration
would be considered tertiary interventions, and education
would be considered primary prevention.
An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program
called MindWorks with older adults who have diagnoses of
dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The goal of the group is to
slow the cognitive decline of clients by engaging them in
regular, organized mental activity such as reading maps and
solving puzzles. How would the program most likely be
characterized?
a) Prognosis enhancement
b) Tertiary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Primary prevention - ----Answers---b) Tertiary prevention
Interventions aimed at slowing the course of an already-
diagnosed disease characterize tertiary prevention.
Page 2 of 33
,An epidemiologist is conducting a program of research aimed
at identifying factors associated with incidence and prevalence
of congenital cardiac defects in infants. The researcher has
recruited a large number of mothers whose infants were born
with cardiac defects as well as mothers whose infants were
born with healthy hearts. The researcher is comparing the
nutritional habits of all the mothers while their babies were in
utero. Which type of study is the epidemiologist most likely
conducting?
a) Cohort study
b) Cross-sectional study
c) Risk factor study
d) Case-control study - ----Answers---d) Case-control study
In this study, the mothers with cardiac-affected babies would
be the case group, while the mothers of healthy infants would
serve as a control. This study does not possess the
characteristics of a cohort or cross-sectional study, and risk
factor study is not an existing methodology.
A client develops an infection with a resistant organism while
hospitalized for surgery. After treatment, there are no obvious
signs of infection, but a culture shows that the organism is
present. Which term describes the client's status?
a) Preclinical stage
b) Carrier status
Page 3 of 33
, c) Chronic disease
d) Clinical disease - ----Answers---b) Carrier status
In carrier status, the client shows no symptoms, tests positive
for the disease, and may still transmit the disease but is not
infected. Chronic disease is a long-term, continuous process.
In the preclinical stage of a disease, a client may show no
symptoms but will progress to clinical disease. In clinical
disease, the condition is overtly present.
There are three fundamental types of prevention used in
health care: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Which statement
accurately describes secondary prevention?
a) Secondary prevention is often accomplished outside the
health care system at the community level.
b) Secondary prevention goes beyond treating the problem
with which the person presents.
c) Secondary prevention takes place within health care
systems and involves the services of a number of different
types of health care professionals.
d) Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is
done in clinical settings. - ----Answers---d) Secondary
Page 4 of 33
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE NEWEST ACTUAL
2025/2026 EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS/ VERIFIED/GRADED A+/
A syndrome is a compilation of signs and symptoms (e.g.,
chronic fatigue syndrome) that are characteristic of a specific
disease state. Complications are possible adverse extensions
of a disease or outcomes from treatment. Sequelae are
lesions or impairments that follow or are caused by a disease.
There is no name for a group of disease states that all have
the same cause.
A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed
at the prevention, identification, and treatment of diabetes on a
large Indian reservation. Which aspect of the program would
most likely be classified as secondary prevention?
a) Administering oral antihyperglycemic medications to clients
who have a diagnosis of diabetes.
b) Teaching school children how a nutritious, traditional diet
can lessen their chances of developing adult-onset diabetes.
c) Staffing a booth where community residents who are
attending a baseball tournament can have their blood glucose
levels checked.
Page 1 of 33
,d) Regularly scheduled wound dressing changes for clients
who have foot ulcers secondary to peripheral neuropathy and
impaired wound healing. - ----Answers---c) Staffing a booth
where community residents who are attending a baseball
tournament can have their blood glucose levels checked.
Secondary prevention focuses on screening and early disease
identification, such as checking the blood glucose levels of a
large number of individuals to identify potential cases of
diabetes. Wound treatment and medication administration
would be considered tertiary interventions, and education
would be considered primary prevention.
An occupational therapist conducts a group therapy program
called MindWorks with older adults who have diagnoses of
dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The goal of the group is to
slow the cognitive decline of clients by engaging them in
regular, organized mental activity such as reading maps and
solving puzzles. How would the program most likely be
characterized?
a) Prognosis enhancement
b) Tertiary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Primary prevention - ----Answers---b) Tertiary prevention
Interventions aimed at slowing the course of an already-
diagnosed disease characterize tertiary prevention.
Page 2 of 33
,An epidemiologist is conducting a program of research aimed
at identifying factors associated with incidence and prevalence
of congenital cardiac defects in infants. The researcher has
recruited a large number of mothers whose infants were born
with cardiac defects as well as mothers whose infants were
born with healthy hearts. The researcher is comparing the
nutritional habits of all the mothers while their babies were in
utero. Which type of study is the epidemiologist most likely
conducting?
a) Cohort study
b) Cross-sectional study
c) Risk factor study
d) Case-control study - ----Answers---d) Case-control study
In this study, the mothers with cardiac-affected babies would
be the case group, while the mothers of healthy infants would
serve as a control. This study does not possess the
characteristics of a cohort or cross-sectional study, and risk
factor study is not an existing methodology.
A client develops an infection with a resistant organism while
hospitalized for surgery. After treatment, there are no obvious
signs of infection, but a culture shows that the organism is
present. Which term describes the client's status?
a) Preclinical stage
b) Carrier status
Page 3 of 33
, c) Chronic disease
d) Clinical disease - ----Answers---b) Carrier status
In carrier status, the client shows no symptoms, tests positive
for the disease, and may still transmit the disease but is not
infected. Chronic disease is a long-term, continuous process.
In the preclinical stage of a disease, a client may show no
symptoms but will progress to clinical disease. In clinical
disease, the condition is overtly present.
There are three fundamental types of prevention used in
health care: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Which statement
accurately describes secondary prevention?
a) Secondary prevention is often accomplished outside the
health care system at the community level.
b) Secondary prevention goes beyond treating the problem
with which the person presents.
c) Secondary prevention takes place within health care
systems and involves the services of a number of different
types of health care professionals.
d) Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is
done in clinical settings. - ----Answers---d) Secondary
Page 4 of 33
