WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Modality - (answer) Refers to the MINIMUM number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (minima). Appears as a 0 or 1 on the relationship line, next to
cardinality.
Referential Integrity - (answer) Requires that ALL foreign key values must either be fully NULL or match
some primary key value.
Ways Referential Integrity can be violated - (answer) 1. Primary key is updated 2. Foreign key is
updated 3. Row containing primary key is DELETED 4. Row containing foreign key is INSERTED.
Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation - (answer) 1. RESTRICT - rejects an insert, update, or
delete 2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null 3. SET DEFAULT - sets invalid foreign keys to a default
primary value 4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to foreign keys.
Important aspect of Referential Integrity - (answer) Reference to data in one relation is based on
values in another relation.
Broad definition of data - (answer) Raw facts captured on printed or digital media.
Data - (answer) Facts that are collected and stored in a database system.
Determining characteristic of unstructured data - (answer) It does not follow a data model.
Flat files - (answer) They contain no internal hierarchical organization.
Data retrieval before database management systems - (answer) Sequentially from simple files.
Primary Key - (answer) An attribute or group of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a relation.
Foreign Key matching - (answer) A domain of values is necessary for a primary key in one relation of a
database to match with its corresponding foreign key in another relation of the same database.
,WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Alternate Key - (answer) What uniquely identifies each entity in a collection of entities but is not the
primary key.
Candidate Key - (answer) A set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any record in that table
without referring to other data.
Database indexing - (answer) The original data is copied to the index.
Indexes in physical database design - (answer) To retrieve data DIRECTLY using a pointer.
Index creation on a database column - (answer) To optimize data retrievals.
Functional Dependency - (answer) Each value of a column relates to at MOST one value of another
column.
Rules/Appearance of First Normal Form - (answer) - All non-key columns depend on primary key - Each
table cell contains one value - A table with no duplicate rows.
Rules/Appearance of Second Normal Form - (answer) - When all non-key columns depend on the
WHOLE primary key - Must be in 1NF - Non-key column can not depend on just one part of a composite
key - a single primary key is automatically in 2NF.
Rules/Appearance of Third Normal Form - (answer) - All non-key columns depend ONLY on the primary
key - Tables are totally free of data redundancy.
Differences between operational and analytical databases - (answer) - Volatility - Detail - Scope -
History.
Volatility - (answer) Database updates in real time. Operational Data is Volatile. Analytical Data is NOT
Volatile.
, WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Detail in databases - (answer) - A database that keeps record of individual transactions; line items -
Operational: Detailed - Analytical: Detailed.
Scope in databases - (answer) - How far a database can reach - Operational: incompatible - Analytical:
Enterprise-Wide/Summary.
History in databases - (answer) - Whether DB is current or tracks all data - Operational: Current only -
Analytical: Tracks trends.
Data warehouse refresh process - (answer) 1. Extraction 2. Cleanse 3. Integrate 4. Restructure 5. Load.
Extraction in ETL - (answer) Data extracted and put into staging area.
Cleanse in ETL - (answer) Errors are eliminated from data; standard abbreviations applied.
Integrate in ETL - (answer) Data is put into a uniform structure; Data converted to uniform structure.
Restructure in ETL - (answer) Data is structured in a design that is optimal for analysis.
Load in ETL - (answer) Data is loaded to the data warehouse.
Issue focused on 'Load' component of ETL - (answer) Monitor refreshing volume and frequency.
Step in ETL Process where raw data is aggregated - (answer) Transformation steps.
Data mining activities - (answer) 1. Clustering & Segmentation 2. Classification 3. Estimation 4.
Prediction 5. Affinity Grouping 6. Description.
VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Modality - (answer) Refers to the MINIMUM number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (minima). Appears as a 0 or 1 on the relationship line, next to
cardinality.
Referential Integrity - (answer) Requires that ALL foreign key values must either be fully NULL or match
some primary key value.
Ways Referential Integrity can be violated - (answer) 1. Primary key is updated 2. Foreign key is
updated 3. Row containing primary key is DELETED 4. Row containing foreign key is INSERTED.
Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation - (answer) 1. RESTRICT - rejects an insert, update, or
delete 2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null 3. SET DEFAULT - sets invalid foreign keys to a default
primary value 4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to foreign keys.
Important aspect of Referential Integrity - (answer) Reference to data in one relation is based on
values in another relation.
Broad definition of data - (answer) Raw facts captured on printed or digital media.
Data - (answer) Facts that are collected and stored in a database system.
Determining characteristic of unstructured data - (answer) It does not follow a data model.
Flat files - (answer) They contain no internal hierarchical organization.
Data retrieval before database management systems - (answer) Sequentially from simple files.
Primary Key - (answer) An attribute or group of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a relation.
Foreign Key matching - (answer) A domain of values is necessary for a primary key in one relation of a
database to match with its corresponding foreign key in another relation of the same database.
,WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Alternate Key - (answer) What uniquely identifies each entity in a collection of entities but is not the
primary key.
Candidate Key - (answer) A set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any record in that table
without referring to other data.
Database indexing - (answer) The original data is copied to the index.
Indexes in physical database design - (answer) To retrieve data DIRECTLY using a pointer.
Index creation on a database column - (answer) To optimize data retrievals.
Functional Dependency - (answer) Each value of a column relates to at MOST one value of another
column.
Rules/Appearance of First Normal Form - (answer) - All non-key columns depend on primary key - Each
table cell contains one value - A table with no duplicate rows.
Rules/Appearance of Second Normal Form - (answer) - When all non-key columns depend on the
WHOLE primary key - Must be in 1NF - Non-key column can not depend on just one part of a composite
key - a single primary key is automatically in 2NF.
Rules/Appearance of Third Normal Form - (answer) - All non-key columns depend ONLY on the primary
key - Tables are totally free of data redundancy.
Differences between operational and analytical databases - (answer) - Volatility - Detail - Scope -
History.
Volatility - (answer) Database updates in real time. Operational Data is Volatile. Analytical Data is NOT
Volatile.
, WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Detail in databases - (answer) - A database that keeps record of individual transactions; line items -
Operational: Detailed - Analytical: Detailed.
Scope in databases - (answer) - How far a database can reach - Operational: incompatible - Analytical:
Enterprise-Wide/Summary.
History in databases - (answer) - Whether DB is current or tracks all data - Operational: Current only -
Analytical: Tracks trends.
Data warehouse refresh process - (answer) 1. Extraction 2. Cleanse 3. Integrate 4. Restructure 5. Load.
Extraction in ETL - (answer) Data extracted and put into staging area.
Cleanse in ETL - (answer) Errors are eliminated from data; standard abbreviations applied.
Integrate in ETL - (answer) Data is put into a uniform structure; Data converted to uniform structure.
Restructure in ETL - (answer) Data is structured in a design that is optimal for analysis.
Load in ETL - (answer) Data is loaded to the data warehouse.
Issue focused on 'Load' component of ETL - (answer) Monitor refreshing volume and frequency.
Step in ETL Process where raw data is aggregated - (answer) Transformation steps.
Data mining activities - (answer) 1. Clustering & Segmentation 2. Classification 3. Estimation 4.
Prediction 5. Affinity Grouping 6. Description.
