NUR 339 Final Exam 1 Questions and
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Edition.
What is homeostasis? - Answer level of constancy maintained by body during time of change
What are used to maintain homeostasis? - Answer control systems (there are thousands in the
body)
What is an example of a control system? - Answer blood glucose
What are feedback mechanisms? - Answer self-regulating mechanisms which control
homeostasis
What are the 3 components of feedback mechanisms? - Answer sensor mechanism, control
center, effector mechanism
What does the sensor mechanism component of the feedback mechanism do? - Answer
senses disruption
What does the control center component of the feedback mechanism do? - Answer regulates
response of the body (usually through the CNS)
What does the effector mechanism component of the feedback mechanism do? - Answer acts
to restore homeostasis (the sympathetic nervous system is an effector mechanism)
What does negative feedback do? - Answer When a function increases or decreases, feedback
causes opposite action and stops action when function returned to normal (corrects deficit in
system)
What are examples of negative feedback loops? - Answer increased blood sugar, increased
blood osmolarity
What does a positive feedback loop do? - Answer takes original response and exaggerates it
, What are the 3 structures of the brain responsible for homeostasis? - Answer medulla
oblongata, pituitary gland, reticular formation
What does the medulla oblongata do for homeostasis? - Answer controls vital functions such
as circulation and respiration
What does the pituitary gland do for homeostasis? - Answer controls function of other
endocrine glands which regulates growth, reproduction and maturation
What does the reticular formation do for homeostasis? - Answer network which regulates vital
reflexes of CV and respiratory function
What is the key to adaptation? - Answer responses are efficient and effective (short term
rather than long-term)
What does a maladaptive stress response cause? - Answer disease
What are the 3 stages of Selye's GAS syndrome? - Answer Alarm stage, resistance, exhaustion
or recovery
What chemicals are released during the Alarm stage? - Answer catecholamines and cortisol
What happens during the alarm stage? - Answer generalized stimulation of SNS and HPA axis,
the body senses stress, CNS is aroused, body releases chemicals to initiate fight-or-flight
response, activation of defensive abilities
What are manifestations of the alarm stage? - Answer increased heart rate, decreased stroke
volume, dilated pupils, sweaty palms, increased mental acuity
What happens during the resistance stage? - Answer body selects most efficient and effective
channel of defense, body responds to stressor and attempts to return to homeostasis
What chemicals are released during the resistance stage? - Answer there is increased levels of
cortisol, glucagon, thyroid hormone, and aldosterone released. The blood glucose levels rise
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Edition.
What is homeostasis? - Answer level of constancy maintained by body during time of change
What are used to maintain homeostasis? - Answer control systems (there are thousands in the
body)
What is an example of a control system? - Answer blood glucose
What are feedback mechanisms? - Answer self-regulating mechanisms which control
homeostasis
What are the 3 components of feedback mechanisms? - Answer sensor mechanism, control
center, effector mechanism
What does the sensor mechanism component of the feedback mechanism do? - Answer
senses disruption
What does the control center component of the feedback mechanism do? - Answer regulates
response of the body (usually through the CNS)
What does the effector mechanism component of the feedback mechanism do? - Answer acts
to restore homeostasis (the sympathetic nervous system is an effector mechanism)
What does negative feedback do? - Answer When a function increases or decreases, feedback
causes opposite action and stops action when function returned to normal (corrects deficit in
system)
What are examples of negative feedback loops? - Answer increased blood sugar, increased
blood osmolarity
What does a positive feedback loop do? - Answer takes original response and exaggerates it
, What are the 3 structures of the brain responsible for homeostasis? - Answer medulla
oblongata, pituitary gland, reticular formation
What does the medulla oblongata do for homeostasis? - Answer controls vital functions such
as circulation and respiration
What does the pituitary gland do for homeostasis? - Answer controls function of other
endocrine glands which regulates growth, reproduction and maturation
What does the reticular formation do for homeostasis? - Answer network which regulates vital
reflexes of CV and respiratory function
What is the key to adaptation? - Answer responses are efficient and effective (short term
rather than long-term)
What does a maladaptive stress response cause? - Answer disease
What are the 3 stages of Selye's GAS syndrome? - Answer Alarm stage, resistance, exhaustion
or recovery
What chemicals are released during the Alarm stage? - Answer catecholamines and cortisol
What happens during the alarm stage? - Answer generalized stimulation of SNS and HPA axis,
the body senses stress, CNS is aroused, body releases chemicals to initiate fight-or-flight
response, activation of defensive abilities
What are manifestations of the alarm stage? - Answer increased heart rate, decreased stroke
volume, dilated pupils, sweaty palms, increased mental acuity
What happens during the resistance stage? - Answer body selects most efficient and effective
channel of defense, body responds to stressor and attempts to return to homeostasis
What chemicals are released during the resistance stage? - Answer there is increased levels of
cortisol, glucagon, thyroid hormone, and aldosterone released. The blood glucose levels rise
