Nur 339 Exam 4 Latest Questions with
Complete Verified Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
What is neoplasia? - Answer new growth of cells
disorder of altered cell differentiation and GROWTH
What is a neoplasm? - Answer tumor
What is cell proliferation? - Answer process that provides body with means for replacing cells
as needed
usually has a balance between # cells dying and # cells proliferating
what is cell differentiation? - Answer process by which proliferating cells are transformed into
specialized cell types, which determines their function
What kind of cells remain incompletely differentiated throughout life? - Answer stem cells
What is anaplasia? - Answer lack of cell differentiation
G1 (Gap 1) - Answer 1st stage of cell cycle
cell prepares to make DNA
S phase - Answer DNA synthesis
**most mutations occur during this phase**
G2 phase - Answer cell prepares for mitosis (cell division)
M phase - Answer mitosis
G0 phase - Answer resting phase (becomes mitotically dormant)
,2 tissue types of neoplasms - Answer parenchymal (organ cells)
stromal (supporting tissue-connective, vascular)
benign neoplasms - Answer well-differentiated cells
slow growth rate
localized
less blood supply
naming benign tumors - Answer tissue name + "-oma"
ex. osteoma = benign bone tumor
malignant neoplasms - Answer cancer
atypical cell structure
lose differentiation or resemblance to origin cell
irregular growth; no capsule
invade adjacent cells
more blood supply
what is the hallmark sign of malignancy? - Answer ability to metastasize or spread to distant
sites
naming epithelial tissue tumors - Answer tissue name + "carcinoma"
naming mesenchymal tissue tumors - Answer tissue name + "sarcoma"
How do most cancers metastasize? - Answer in the blood or the lymph
What do cancer cells need in order to survive in the body? - Answer nutrition/O2/energy
evade the immune system
more resilient to normal cells
, avoid the immune system/WBCs
where do surviving cancer cells go when they leave the lymph nodes? - Answer enter venous
blood and are carried to major organs: bone, lungs, and brain
what is another name for an original tumor? - Answer primary neoplasm
What is another name for the metastatic site? - Answer secondary neoplasm
What is the growth fraction (GF) of a tumor? - Answer ratio of dividing cells/ G0 cells (resting)
What types of cancers have a high growth fraction? - Answer aggressive cancers
what kind of tissues are chemotherapeutic drugs much more toxic to? - Answer tissues that
have a high growth fraction (aggressive cancers)
What is the doubling time (TD) of a tumor? - Answer time to double total mass of CA
What does a high doubling time indicate? - Answer WE WANT THIS
takes a long time to double
What can influence the doubling time of a tumor? - Answer hormones
What are protooncogenes? - Answer normal genes that regulate cell growth and
differentiation and are active for only a short time in the cell cycle
What are oncogenes? - Answer gene MUTATIONS which become cancer-causing genes
they are active continuously and promote unregulated and abnormal growth
What is oncogenesis? - Answer Process of developing tumors
Monoclonal origin
Complete Verified Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
What is neoplasia? - Answer new growth of cells
disorder of altered cell differentiation and GROWTH
What is a neoplasm? - Answer tumor
What is cell proliferation? - Answer process that provides body with means for replacing cells
as needed
usually has a balance between # cells dying and # cells proliferating
what is cell differentiation? - Answer process by which proliferating cells are transformed into
specialized cell types, which determines their function
What kind of cells remain incompletely differentiated throughout life? - Answer stem cells
What is anaplasia? - Answer lack of cell differentiation
G1 (Gap 1) - Answer 1st stage of cell cycle
cell prepares to make DNA
S phase - Answer DNA synthesis
**most mutations occur during this phase**
G2 phase - Answer cell prepares for mitosis (cell division)
M phase - Answer mitosis
G0 phase - Answer resting phase (becomes mitotically dormant)
,2 tissue types of neoplasms - Answer parenchymal (organ cells)
stromal (supporting tissue-connective, vascular)
benign neoplasms - Answer well-differentiated cells
slow growth rate
localized
less blood supply
naming benign tumors - Answer tissue name + "-oma"
ex. osteoma = benign bone tumor
malignant neoplasms - Answer cancer
atypical cell structure
lose differentiation or resemblance to origin cell
irregular growth; no capsule
invade adjacent cells
more blood supply
what is the hallmark sign of malignancy? - Answer ability to metastasize or spread to distant
sites
naming epithelial tissue tumors - Answer tissue name + "carcinoma"
naming mesenchymal tissue tumors - Answer tissue name + "sarcoma"
How do most cancers metastasize? - Answer in the blood or the lymph
What do cancer cells need in order to survive in the body? - Answer nutrition/O2/energy
evade the immune system
more resilient to normal cells
, avoid the immune system/WBCs
where do surviving cancer cells go when they leave the lymph nodes? - Answer enter venous
blood and are carried to major organs: bone, lungs, and brain
what is another name for an original tumor? - Answer primary neoplasm
What is another name for the metastatic site? - Answer secondary neoplasm
What is the growth fraction (GF) of a tumor? - Answer ratio of dividing cells/ G0 cells (resting)
What types of cancers have a high growth fraction? - Answer aggressive cancers
what kind of tissues are chemotherapeutic drugs much more toxic to? - Answer tissues that
have a high growth fraction (aggressive cancers)
What is the doubling time (TD) of a tumor? - Answer time to double total mass of CA
What does a high doubling time indicate? - Answer WE WANT THIS
takes a long time to double
What can influence the doubling time of a tumor? - Answer hormones
What are protooncogenes? - Answer normal genes that regulate cell growth and
differentiation and are active for only a short time in the cell cycle
What are oncogenes? - Answer gene MUTATIONS which become cancer-causing genes
they are active continuously and promote unregulated and abnormal growth
What is oncogenesis? - Answer Process of developing tumors
Monoclonal origin
