CSDI 2100 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Phonology - Answer -Sound system of words
Morphology - Answer -Structure of words
Syntax - Answer -How words are arranged in a sentence
Semantics - Answer -The pieces of meaning that come together to define a particular
word.
pragmatics - Answer -rules of using language
Communication Impairments
(articulation, voice, resonance, fluency) - Answer -Orofacial myofunctional patterns and
language, swallowing, cognitive communication, hearing and balance impairments.
Language disorders: form - Answer -Phonology: errors in sound use such as not
producing the ends of words
Morphology: incorrect use of past tense or plural markers
Syntax: incorrect word order or run-on sentences
Language disorders: Content - Answer -Semantics:
-limited vocabulary
-difficulty understanding abstract language
Language disorders: Use - Answer -Pragmatics:
-difficulty staying on topic
-innapropriate responses
-interrupt
Speech disorders: Articulation - Answer -dysarthria: poor speech articulation due to
lack of muscle use
apraxia: motor speech disorder that makes it hard to speak
Speech disorders: Fluency - Answer -developmental disfluency: speech behaviors of
young children (hesitations, repetitions, prolongations, fillers)
Stuttering: speech behaviors differ from the norm, noticed around 6, causes usually
unknown
Speech disorders: Voice - Answer -vocal abuse can result in hoarseness
(disease, trauma, allergies, neuromuscular or endocrine disorders)
Language disorder - Answer --form
, -content
-use
Speech disorders - Answer --articulation
-fluency
-voice
Respiratory system - Answer -provides the driving force for speech by generating
positive air pressure beneath the voacl chords
Laryngeal (phonotory) system - Answer -prevents foreign objects from entering the
trachea and lungs and can force foreign objects that threaten lower airways
Articulatory (resonating) system - Answer -makes up vocal tract
shapes the sound energy produced by the respiratory and laryngeal systems into
speech sounds
Velum (soft palate) - Answer -closes off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during
normal speech
Speech breathing - Answer -inspiration: rapid, greater amount of air
expiration: much longer than inspiration
(both muscles activated during speech)
Resting (Tidal) breathing - Answer -Inspiration: diaphragm contracts, rib cage and
lungs expand, lung volume increases and air pressure drops, causing air to rush in
expiration: rib cage walls decrease, lungs are compressed, pressure in the lungs
increases, causing the air to rush out.
Phonation - Answer -sound produced by vocal fold vibrations produces the beginning of
speech sounds
Language development: pre-language - Answer --infants become actively in the
reciprocal process of communcication
-0-3m: learn stimulus response patterns
3-4m: rituals/game playing, predictible patterns of behviored speech( peek-a-boo)
8-9m: develop intentionality, behavior meant to influence others
Languge development: toddler - Answer --50 single words
-use: may use single words to comment/request
-content/form:
-150-300 words by 2
-lexicon: personal dict.
-early predicitble word combos
Phonology - Answer -Sound system of words
Morphology - Answer -Structure of words
Syntax - Answer -How words are arranged in a sentence
Semantics - Answer -The pieces of meaning that come together to define a particular
word.
pragmatics - Answer -rules of using language
Communication Impairments
(articulation, voice, resonance, fluency) - Answer -Orofacial myofunctional patterns and
language, swallowing, cognitive communication, hearing and balance impairments.
Language disorders: form - Answer -Phonology: errors in sound use such as not
producing the ends of words
Morphology: incorrect use of past tense or plural markers
Syntax: incorrect word order or run-on sentences
Language disorders: Content - Answer -Semantics:
-limited vocabulary
-difficulty understanding abstract language
Language disorders: Use - Answer -Pragmatics:
-difficulty staying on topic
-innapropriate responses
-interrupt
Speech disorders: Articulation - Answer -dysarthria: poor speech articulation due to
lack of muscle use
apraxia: motor speech disorder that makes it hard to speak
Speech disorders: Fluency - Answer -developmental disfluency: speech behaviors of
young children (hesitations, repetitions, prolongations, fillers)
Stuttering: speech behaviors differ from the norm, noticed around 6, causes usually
unknown
Speech disorders: Voice - Answer -vocal abuse can result in hoarseness
(disease, trauma, allergies, neuromuscular or endocrine disorders)
Language disorder - Answer --form
, -content
-use
Speech disorders - Answer --articulation
-fluency
-voice
Respiratory system - Answer -provides the driving force for speech by generating
positive air pressure beneath the voacl chords
Laryngeal (phonotory) system - Answer -prevents foreign objects from entering the
trachea and lungs and can force foreign objects that threaten lower airways
Articulatory (resonating) system - Answer -makes up vocal tract
shapes the sound energy produced by the respiratory and laryngeal systems into
speech sounds
Velum (soft palate) - Answer -closes off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during
normal speech
Speech breathing - Answer -inspiration: rapid, greater amount of air
expiration: much longer than inspiration
(both muscles activated during speech)
Resting (Tidal) breathing - Answer -Inspiration: diaphragm contracts, rib cage and
lungs expand, lung volume increases and air pressure drops, causing air to rush in
expiration: rib cage walls decrease, lungs are compressed, pressure in the lungs
increases, causing the air to rush out.
Phonation - Answer -sound produced by vocal fold vibrations produces the beginning of
speech sounds
Language development: pre-language - Answer --infants become actively in the
reciprocal process of communcication
-0-3m: learn stimulus response patterns
3-4m: rituals/game playing, predictible patterns of behviored speech( peek-a-boo)
8-9m: develop intentionality, behavior meant to influence others
Languge development: toddler - Answer --50 single words
-use: may use single words to comment/request
-content/form:
-150-300 words by 2
-lexicon: personal dict.
-early predicitble word combos
