NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM - SPRING 2020 | ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM Exam – A Grade

NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM Exam – Mercer County College • ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM- SPRING 2020 100 questions with correct answers • Question 1 0 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with an empyema. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition? Selected Answer: We will have to drain the pus out of your pleural space. • Question 3 0 out of 1 points A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? Selected Answer: Vomiting • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what? Selected Answer: Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth • Question 5 1 out of 1 points A patient had a myocardial infarction that damaged the SA node, which is no longer functioning as the pacemaker of the heart. What heart rate would the healthcare provider expect the patient to have? Selected Answer: 40 to 60 beats/min • Question 6 1 out of 1 points Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Selected Answer: Active-acquired immunity • Question 7 1 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Women who have a high body mass index • Question 8 0 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria. • Question 9 1 out of 1 points A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? Selected Answer: A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth. • Question 10 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells • Question 11 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action? Selected Answer: Avoidance of the causative agent • Question 12 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation? Selected Answer: Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms. • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? Selected Answer: Secondary • Question 14 1 out of 1 points Which renal change is found in older adults? Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons • Question 15 1 out of 1 points What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury • Question 16 1 out of 1 points What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? Selected Answer: Proteins • Question 17 1 out of 1 points In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Selected Answer: Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation • Question 18 0 out of 1 points A patient in the clinic reports projectile vomiting without nausea or other gastrointestinal symptoms. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Administer intravenous hydration. • Question 19 1 out of 1 points What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? Selected Answer: Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance • Question 20 1 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -• Question 94 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition? Selected Answer: An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears • Question 95 1 out of 1 points A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? Selected Answer: Pulse and blood pressure changes • Question 96 1 out of 1 points How do free radicals cause cell damage? Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane • Question 97 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selected Answer: Proximal convoluted tubules • Question 98 0 out of 1 points What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? Selected Answer: Emigration of neutrophils • Question 99 1 out of 1 points After a partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism? Selected Answer: Rapid gastric emptying • Question 100 0 out of 1 points A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Selected Answer: Potassium 2.5 mEq/L