Molecular Biology Exam test
questions and answers graded A+
Which of the following can be described as the smallest living unit?
(a)DNA
(b)cell
(c)organelle
(d)protein - ANS✅✅B. CELL
The flow of genetic information is controlled by a series of biochemical reactions that result in the
production of
proteins, each with its own specific order of amino acids. Choose the correct series biochemical
reactions from the options presented here.
(a)replication, transcription, translation (b)replication, translation, transcription
(c)translation, transcription, replication (d)translation, replication, transcription -
ANS✅✅(a)replication, transcription, translation
Proteins are important architectural & catalytic components within the cell, helping to determine its
chemistry, its shape, and its ability to respond to changes in the environment. Remarkably, all of the
different proteins in a cell are made from the same 20 __________. By linking them in different
sequences, the cell can make protein molecules with different conformations and surface
chemistries, and therefore different functions.
(a)nucleotides
(b)sugars
(c)amino acids
(d)fatty acids - ANS✅✅(c)amino acids
Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may result in offspring that are altered in
fitness
compared with their parents. The process of change and selection over course many generations is
the basis of ____.
,(a)mutation
(b)evolution
(c)heredity
(d)reproduction - ANS✅✅B. Evolution
Many of the mechanisms that cells use for maintenance and reproduction were first studied at the
molecular
detail in bacteria. Which bacterial species had a central role in advancing the field of molecular
biology?
(a)E. coli
(b)D. melanogaster
(c)S. pombe
(d)C. elegans - ANS✅✅a. E. coli
An ionic bond between two atoms is formed as a result of the ______________.
(a)sharing of electrons
(b)loss of a neutron from one atom
(c)loss of electrons from both atoms
(d) transfer of electrons from one atom to the other - ANS✅✅D. Transfer of electrons from one
atom to others
Which of the following expressions accurately describes the calculation of pH?
(a)pH = -log10[H+]
(b)pH = log10[H+]
(c)pH = -log2[H+]
(d)pH = -log10[OH-] - ANS✅✅(a)pH = -log10[H+]
Biological membranes are composed of specialized lipids that form bilayers. Which of the following
is formed by unmodified fatty acids?
, (a)fat droplets
(b)bilayers
(c)micelles
(d)planar lipid patches - ANS✅✅(c)micelles
Choose the answer that best fits the statement. Cholesterol is an essential component of biological
membranes. Although it is much smaller than the typical phospholipids and glycoplipids in the
membrane, it is a(n) _________ molecule, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
(a)polar
(b)oxygen-containing
(c)hydrophobic
(d)amphipathic - ANS✅✅(d)amphipathic
DNA and RNA are different. Which of the following is true of DNA but not true of RNA?
(a)It contains uracil
(b)It contains thymine
(c)It is single stranded
(d)It has 5′-to-3′ directionality. - ANS ✅✅(b)It contains thymine
Which of the following statements about amino acids is true?
(a)Twenty-two amino acids are commonly found in proteins.
(b)Most of the amino acids used in protein biosynthesis have charged side chains.
(c)Amino acids are often linked together to form branched polymers.
(d)All amino acids contain an NH2 and a COOH group - ANS✅✅(d)All amino acids contain an NH2
and a COOH group
Which of the following statements is false?
questions and answers graded A+
Which of the following can be described as the smallest living unit?
(a)DNA
(b)cell
(c)organelle
(d)protein - ANS✅✅B. CELL
The flow of genetic information is controlled by a series of biochemical reactions that result in the
production of
proteins, each with its own specific order of amino acids. Choose the correct series biochemical
reactions from the options presented here.
(a)replication, transcription, translation (b)replication, translation, transcription
(c)translation, transcription, replication (d)translation, replication, transcription -
ANS✅✅(a)replication, transcription, translation
Proteins are important architectural & catalytic components within the cell, helping to determine its
chemistry, its shape, and its ability to respond to changes in the environment. Remarkably, all of the
different proteins in a cell are made from the same 20 __________. By linking them in different
sequences, the cell can make protein molecules with different conformations and surface
chemistries, and therefore different functions.
(a)nucleotides
(b)sugars
(c)amino acids
(d)fatty acids - ANS✅✅(c)amino acids
Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may result in offspring that are altered in
fitness
compared with their parents. The process of change and selection over course many generations is
the basis of ____.
,(a)mutation
(b)evolution
(c)heredity
(d)reproduction - ANS✅✅B. Evolution
Many of the mechanisms that cells use for maintenance and reproduction were first studied at the
molecular
detail in bacteria. Which bacterial species had a central role in advancing the field of molecular
biology?
(a)E. coli
(b)D. melanogaster
(c)S. pombe
(d)C. elegans - ANS✅✅a. E. coli
An ionic bond between two atoms is formed as a result of the ______________.
(a)sharing of electrons
(b)loss of a neutron from one atom
(c)loss of electrons from both atoms
(d) transfer of electrons from one atom to the other - ANS✅✅D. Transfer of electrons from one
atom to others
Which of the following expressions accurately describes the calculation of pH?
(a)pH = -log10[H+]
(b)pH = log10[H+]
(c)pH = -log2[H+]
(d)pH = -log10[OH-] - ANS✅✅(a)pH = -log10[H+]
Biological membranes are composed of specialized lipids that form bilayers. Which of the following
is formed by unmodified fatty acids?
, (a)fat droplets
(b)bilayers
(c)micelles
(d)planar lipid patches - ANS✅✅(c)micelles
Choose the answer that best fits the statement. Cholesterol is an essential component of biological
membranes. Although it is much smaller than the typical phospholipids and glycoplipids in the
membrane, it is a(n) _________ molecule, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
(a)polar
(b)oxygen-containing
(c)hydrophobic
(d)amphipathic - ANS✅✅(d)amphipathic
DNA and RNA are different. Which of the following is true of DNA but not true of RNA?
(a)It contains uracil
(b)It contains thymine
(c)It is single stranded
(d)It has 5′-to-3′ directionality. - ANS ✅✅(b)It contains thymine
Which of the following statements about amino acids is true?
(a)Twenty-two amino acids are commonly found in proteins.
(b)Most of the amino acids used in protein biosynthesis have charged side chains.
(c)Amino acids are often linked together to form branched polymers.
(d)All amino acids contain an NH2 and a COOH group - ANS✅✅(d)All amino acids contain an NH2
and a COOH group
Which of the following statements is false?
