Molecular Biology Exam questions
and answers graded A+
Molecular biology - ANS✅✅The study of the molecular basis of genes and gene expression;
molecular genetics.
Central Dogma - ANS✅✅theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA
to proteins
Transcription - ANS✅✅synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Translation - ANS✅✅Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
Replication - ANS✅✅process of copying DNA prior to cell division
Reverse transcription - ANS✅✅synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
Require energy, require essential nutrients, compartmentalization, genetic information, and catalysis
- ANS✅✅What are the 5 characteristics of a living system?
Mutation - ANS✅✅Heritable changes in an organism's genomic information drives _________.
Detrimental, beneficial, and neutral - ANS✅✅What are the three potential outcomes of a
mutation?
Deinococcus radiodurans - ANS✅✅The organism that is extremely resistant to DNA damage
caused by radiation
Directed evolution - ANS✅✅improves a known function of an organism through multiple rounds of
variation and selecting optimal function
Miller-Urey Experiment - ANS✅✅The experiment that found that organic molecules can form in a
strongly reducing atmosphere.
, RNA - ANS✅✅What is believed to be the earliest form of genetic information?
Catalytic, Information storing, flexible, simple, and uses uracil. - ANS✅✅What are the five
characteristics of RNA that support the idea that it was the basis for early life?
LUCA - ANS✅✅The last shared ancestor that all organisms evolved from
Simple metabolism, simple genetic material, primitive ribosome and protein biosynthetic apparatus,
transcriptional machinery, and genetic code - ANS✅✅What are the 5 likely characteristics of
LUCA?
Charles Darwin - ANS✅✅English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural
selection (1809-1882)
Competition and mutations - ANS✅✅What does evolution depend on?
Adenine - ANS✅✅What nucleotide has a wide variety of uses and can be synthesized from
hydrogen cyanide?
Energy, electron carrying, DNA and RNA - ANS✅✅What are the four main uses for adenine?
3.8 billion years ago - ANS✅✅First evidence of life
anaerobic prokaryotes - ANS✅✅first form of life was likely what type of cells?
Gregor Mendel - ANS✅✅Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden
peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
father of genetics - ANS✅✅Who is Gregor Mendel?
pea plants - ANS✅✅Gregor Mendel's ground breaking genetic research was conducted on which
type of plants
and answers graded A+
Molecular biology - ANS✅✅The study of the molecular basis of genes and gene expression;
molecular genetics.
Central Dogma - ANS✅✅theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA
to proteins
Transcription - ANS✅✅synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Translation - ANS✅✅Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
Replication - ANS✅✅process of copying DNA prior to cell division
Reverse transcription - ANS✅✅synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
Require energy, require essential nutrients, compartmentalization, genetic information, and catalysis
- ANS✅✅What are the 5 characteristics of a living system?
Mutation - ANS✅✅Heritable changes in an organism's genomic information drives _________.
Detrimental, beneficial, and neutral - ANS✅✅What are the three potential outcomes of a
mutation?
Deinococcus radiodurans - ANS✅✅The organism that is extremely resistant to DNA damage
caused by radiation
Directed evolution - ANS✅✅improves a known function of an organism through multiple rounds of
variation and selecting optimal function
Miller-Urey Experiment - ANS✅✅The experiment that found that organic molecules can form in a
strongly reducing atmosphere.
, RNA - ANS✅✅What is believed to be the earliest form of genetic information?
Catalytic, Information storing, flexible, simple, and uses uracil. - ANS✅✅What are the five
characteristics of RNA that support the idea that it was the basis for early life?
LUCA - ANS✅✅The last shared ancestor that all organisms evolved from
Simple metabolism, simple genetic material, primitive ribosome and protein biosynthetic apparatus,
transcriptional machinery, and genetic code - ANS✅✅What are the 5 likely characteristics of
LUCA?
Charles Darwin - ANS✅✅English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural
selection (1809-1882)
Competition and mutations - ANS✅✅What does evolution depend on?
Adenine - ANS✅✅What nucleotide has a wide variety of uses and can be synthesized from
hydrogen cyanide?
Energy, electron carrying, DNA and RNA - ANS✅✅What are the four main uses for adenine?
3.8 billion years ago - ANS✅✅First evidence of life
anaerobic prokaryotes - ANS✅✅first form of life was likely what type of cells?
Gregor Mendel - ANS✅✅Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden
peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
father of genetics - ANS✅✅Who is Gregor Mendel?
pea plants - ANS✅✅Gregor Mendel's ground breaking genetic research was conducted on which
type of plants
