micro 290 lecture quiz
1\\MICR 290 Lecture Quiz 1 –
Study Guide & Key Concepts
REAL EXAM
what is the general structure of prokaryotes (differences & similarities to eukaryotes)
- unicellular, lack nuclei
- much smaller than eukaryotes
- found in places of moisture
- reproduce asexually (binary fission)
- consist of bacteria & archaea
bacteria
cell walls contain peptidoglycan
archaea
cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan
what is the general structure of eukaryotes (differences & similarities to prokaryotes)
- membrane-bound nuclei
- fungi, protozoa, algae and plants, small multicellular animals
fungi
- eukaryotic
- obtain food from other organisms
- possess cell walls
- include mold & yeasts
mold
multicellular grow as long as filaments; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores
yeasts
unicellular; reproduce by budding or sexual spores
protozoa (unicellular)
, - single celled eukaryotes
- similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure
- live freely in water; some live in animal hosts
- asexual (most) and sexual reproduction
- capable of locomotion by: pseudopodia, cilia, & flagella
algae
- unicellular or multicellular
- photosynthetic
- simple reproductive structures
- categorized on the basis of pigmentation, storage products, and composition of cell wall
viruses
- not cells
- they can only survive in other cells (infect any type of organism)
- they consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (capsid); naked
- some have a membrane over over the protein coat (enveloped)
process of chemotaxis
be familiar with the organism under prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- archaea & bacteria
- fungi, protozoa, algae
replication
process of copying DNA prior to cell division
transcription
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
translation
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
what type of bacteria possesses flagella
mono-trichous (single flagella) & lophotrichous (multiple flagella located in same spot)
what type of bacteria possesses axial filaments
spirochetes (cause a twisting motion which allows movement)
what is the capsule (bacterial cell)
- composed of organized repeating units of organic chemicals
- firmly attached to cell surface
- may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host
1\\MICR 290 Lecture Quiz 1 –
Study Guide & Key Concepts
REAL EXAM
what is the general structure of prokaryotes (differences & similarities to eukaryotes)
- unicellular, lack nuclei
- much smaller than eukaryotes
- found in places of moisture
- reproduce asexually (binary fission)
- consist of bacteria & archaea
bacteria
cell walls contain peptidoglycan
archaea
cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan
what is the general structure of eukaryotes (differences & similarities to prokaryotes)
- membrane-bound nuclei
- fungi, protozoa, algae and plants, small multicellular animals
fungi
- eukaryotic
- obtain food from other organisms
- possess cell walls
- include mold & yeasts
mold
multicellular grow as long as filaments; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores
yeasts
unicellular; reproduce by budding or sexual spores
protozoa (unicellular)
, - single celled eukaryotes
- similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure
- live freely in water; some live in animal hosts
- asexual (most) and sexual reproduction
- capable of locomotion by: pseudopodia, cilia, & flagella
algae
- unicellular or multicellular
- photosynthetic
- simple reproductive structures
- categorized on the basis of pigmentation, storage products, and composition of cell wall
viruses
- not cells
- they can only survive in other cells (infect any type of organism)
- they consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (capsid); naked
- some have a membrane over over the protein coat (enveloped)
process of chemotaxis
be familiar with the organism under prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- archaea & bacteria
- fungi, protozoa, algae
replication
process of copying DNA prior to cell division
transcription
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
translation
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
what type of bacteria possesses flagella
mono-trichous (single flagella) & lophotrichous (multiple flagella located in same spot)
what type of bacteria possesses axial filaments
spirochetes (cause a twisting motion which allows movement)
what is the capsule (bacterial cell)
- composed of organized repeating units of organic chemicals
- firmly attached to cell surface
- may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host
