1
, CHAPTER 1
Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Es- sence of Practice
1. The 20th century saw numerous improvements in the health status of people in
the developed world. This was primarily attributable to what phenomenon?
A. Steady declines in the rate of tobacco consumption
B. The development of vaccines against many communicable diseases
C. Eradication of microorganisms responsible for infectious diseases
D. Government policies that prioritized health promotion over disease
treatment
ANS: B
Rationale: Health status gains in the developed world during the 20th century
were a result of (1) advances in knowledge about the causes of disease, (2)
development of new technologies and pharmaceuticals to treat and cure many
diseases, (3) creation of vaccines and environmental solutions to prevent
disease transmission and acquisition, and (4) innovations in surveillance
techniques to measure health status.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Page and Header: 3, Introduction
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
2. What document is recognized as laying the foundation for the transition in the
focus of Canadian health policy from disease to health?
A. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
B. The Epp Framework (A Framework for Health Promotion)
C. The WHO Declaration of Alma-Ata
D. The Lalonde Report (A New Perspectives on the Health of
Canadians) ANS: D
Rationale: The publication in 1974 of the Lalonde Report (A New Perspective on
the Health of Canadians) heralded a change in the focus of health on disease to
a focus on health. The Ottawa Charter, the WHO Declaration, and the Epp
Framework were each subsequent to the Lalonde Report.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: Page and Header: 5, The Lalonde Report OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
3. The Lalonde Report of 1974 is recognized as one of the seminal publications
2
, that has shaped the character and direction of public health policy in Canada.
What change in policy is attributed to the Lalonde Report?
A. A shift from collective responsibility for the health of Canadians to an
individual focus
B. A change in focus from the treatment of illness to the promotion of health
C. A change from private funding for health to a combination of provincial and
federal funding
D. A recognition of the importance of determinants of
health ANS: B
Rationale: The Lalonde Report is credited with initiating a change in the policy
from a focus on disease to a focus on health. The report did not promote a
change in funding, a change to individual responsibility, or a formal recognition
of the determinants of health.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: Page and Header: 5, The Lalonde Report OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
4. The publication of the World Health Organization’s Declaration of Alma-Ata is
acknowledged to be a key event in the development of contemporary public
health policy. The Declaration prioritized:
A. collaboration among individuals and health care providers to impact health
decisions.
B. increased funding for the education of nurses, physicians, and allied health
workers in member nations.
C. cooperation between developed nations and developing nations to eradicate
global health inequities.
D. the removal of class-based barriers to health decision making.
ANS: A
Rationale: The Declaration of Alma-Ata called for health providers to work with
people to assist them in making decisions about their health and how to meet
health challenges in ways that are affordable, acceptable, and sustainable in
the long term. It did not specifically prioritize education funding, international
cooperation, or the removal of class-based barriers to health.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: Page and Header: 5, Declaration of Alma-Ata OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
3
, BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
5. A public health worker is participating in the creation of a health promotion
initiative that aims to address many of the poor health outcomes in a city’s
homeless population. The success or failure of this initiative is likely to depend
on what factor?
A. Accessibility and the perceived credibility of the planned initiative
B. The provision of incentives and immediate benefits for participants in the
program
C. Providing safe and supportive housing for homeless people before
addressing their health needs
D. Redressing the disparities based on gender, socioeconomic status, and
education
ANS: A
Rationale: The Declaration of Alma-Ata called for health providers to work with
people to assist them in making decisions about their health and how to meet
health challenges in ways that are affordable, acceptable, and sustainable in
the long term. In facing the health challenges posed by homelessness, it is
imperative that programs, policies, and interventions ensure accessibility by the
members of this population. As well, it is necessary to present initiatives in a
way that promotes their credibility. Short-term benefits are not a prerequisite
and the resolution of disparities and lack of housing need not precede health
promotion.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
REF: Page and Header: 5, Declaration of Alma-Ata OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
6. Which issue is recognized as being inadequately addressed by current Canadian
health policy?
A. Canadians are not aware of the impact that their behaviours have on their
health status.
B. Utilization of the health care system is insufficient to ensure the health of
the population.
C. Members of disadvantaged groups are less healthy than other Canadians.
D. The interests of the health care industry are at odds with the long-term
health of Canadians.
ANS: C
4
, CHAPTER 1
Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Es- sence of Practice
1. The 20th century saw numerous improvements in the health status of people in
the developed world. This was primarily attributable to what phenomenon?
A. Steady declines in the rate of tobacco consumption
B. The development of vaccines against many communicable diseases
C. Eradication of microorganisms responsible for infectious diseases
D. Government policies that prioritized health promotion over disease
treatment
ANS: B
Rationale: Health status gains in the developed world during the 20th century
were a result of (1) advances in knowledge about the causes of disease, (2)
development of new technologies and pharmaceuticals to treat and cure many
diseases, (3) creation of vaccines and environmental solutions to prevent
disease transmission and acquisition, and (4) innovations in surveillance
techniques to measure health status.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Page and Header: 3, Introduction
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
2. What document is recognized as laying the foundation for the transition in the
focus of Canadian health policy from disease to health?
A. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
B. The Epp Framework (A Framework for Health Promotion)
C. The WHO Declaration of Alma-Ata
D. The Lalonde Report (A New Perspectives on the Health of
Canadians) ANS: D
Rationale: The publication in 1974 of the Lalonde Report (A New Perspective on
the Health of Canadians) heralded a change in the focus of health on disease to
a focus on health. The Ottawa Charter, the WHO Declaration, and the Epp
Framework were each subsequent to the Lalonde Report.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: Page and Header: 5, The Lalonde Report OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
3. The Lalonde Report of 1974 is recognized as one of the seminal publications
2
, that has shaped the character and direction of public health policy in Canada.
What change in policy is attributed to the Lalonde Report?
A. A shift from collective responsibility for the health of Canadians to an
individual focus
B. A change in focus from the treatment of illness to the promotion of health
C. A change from private funding for health to a combination of provincial and
federal funding
D. A recognition of the importance of determinants of
health ANS: B
Rationale: The Lalonde Report is credited with initiating a change in the policy
from a focus on disease to a focus on health. The report did not promote a
change in funding, a change to individual responsibility, or a formal recognition
of the determinants of health.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: Page and Header: 5, The Lalonde Report OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
4. The publication of the World Health Organization’s Declaration of Alma-Ata is
acknowledged to be a key event in the development of contemporary public
health policy. The Declaration prioritized:
A. collaboration among individuals and health care providers to impact health
decisions.
B. increased funding for the education of nurses, physicians, and allied health
workers in member nations.
C. cooperation between developed nations and developing nations to eradicate
global health inequities.
D. the removal of class-based barriers to health decision making.
ANS: A
Rationale: The Declaration of Alma-Ata called for health providers to work with
people to assist them in making decisions about their health and how to meet
health challenges in ways that are affordable, acceptable, and sustainable in
the long term. It did not specifically prioritize education funding, international
cooperation, or the removal of class-based barriers to health.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: Page and Header: 5, Declaration of Alma-Ata OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
3
, BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
5. A public health worker is participating in the creation of a health promotion
initiative that aims to address many of the poor health outcomes in a city’s
homeless population. The success or failure of this initiative is likely to depend
on what factor?
A. Accessibility and the perceived credibility of the planned initiative
B. The provision of incentives and immediate benefits for participants in the
program
C. Providing safe and supportive housing for homeless people before
addressing their health needs
D. Redressing the disparities based on gender, socioeconomic status, and
education
ANS: A
Rationale: The Declaration of Alma-Ata called for health providers to work with
people to assist them in making decisions about their health and how to meet
health challenges in ways that are affordable, acceptable, and sustainable in
the long term. In facing the health challenges posed by homelessness, it is
imperative that programs, policies, and interventions ensure accessibility by the
members of this population. As well, it is necessary to present initiatives in a
way that promotes their credibility. Short-term benefits are not a prerequisite
and the resolution of disparities and lack of housing need not precede health
promotion.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
REF: Page and Header: 5, Declaration of Alma-Ata OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials and Essence of
Practice
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
6. Which issue is recognized as being inadequately addressed by current Canadian
health policy?
A. Canadians are not aware of the impact that their behaviours have on their
health status.
B. Utilization of the health care system is insufficient to ensure the health of
the population.
C. Members of disadvantaged groups are less healthy than other Canadians.
D. The interests of the health care industry are at odds with the long-term
health of Canadians.
ANS: C
4
