Biology 1407 exam test questions
and answers graded A+
Absorptive heterotrophs - ANS✅✅secrete digestive enzymes outside the body to break down
large organic molecules. smaller molecules absorbed through cell membrane
Fungi all contain - ANS✅✅chitin in their cell walls
Hypothesized to be the closet relative to fungi - ANS✅✅nucleariids
opisthokonts - ANS✅✅includes fungi, animals, and the protistan relatives
two common growth forms of fungal body structures - ANS✅✅-yeast
-multicellular filaments
yeast - ANS✅✅unicellular free-living fungi
chitin - ANS✅✅flexible nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that forms the cell wall of
poysaccharide wall f fungus and the exoskeleton of athropods
mycelium - ANS✅✅fungal mat formed by hyphae elvolved to increase surface area
-excellent at absorbing nutrients and water
two common hyphal growth forms - ANS✅✅-septate
-coenocytic
septate - ANS✅✅hyphae have cross walls that section off portions of phyhae
coenocytic - ANS✅✅hyphae lack septa so they are one mass of cytoplasm which contains
hundreds or thousands of nuclei
, haustoria - ANS✅✅branching projections that push through cell walls into living plants cells to
extract utrients from those cells
-used in mutualistic fungi that help plants
lichen - ANS✅✅symbiotic relationship between photosynthetic microorganism and fungus
mycorrihizae - ANS✅✅-ectomycorrhizal
-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
-are haustoria
ectomycorrihizal fungi - ANS✅✅form sheaths of hyphae over surface of a root, grow into
extracellular spaces of root cortex
arbuscular mycorrhizal - ANS✅✅extend branching hyphae through root cell wall into invaginations
of root cell plasma membrane
describe fungal reproduction - ANS✅✅n+n-> heterokaryotic->kayrogany to 2n-> Meosis-> n+ and
n- and n+ and n- (spores)
pheromones - ANS✅✅-sexual signaling molecules in sexual reproduction when two differeent
mycelia meet
plasmogamy - ANS✅✅fusion of hyphae in mycelia when two different mating types meet
heterokaryon - ANS✅✅secondary mycelium
dikaryotic - ANS✅✅species nuclei pair off two to a cell (only Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)
Karyogamy - ANS✅✅nuclei from two parent mycelia fuse, forming a diploid cell
Microsporidia - ANS✅✅-unicellular parasites among smallest eukaryotes known
-lack mitochondria
-obligate parasite
and answers graded A+
Absorptive heterotrophs - ANS✅✅secrete digestive enzymes outside the body to break down
large organic molecules. smaller molecules absorbed through cell membrane
Fungi all contain - ANS✅✅chitin in their cell walls
Hypothesized to be the closet relative to fungi - ANS✅✅nucleariids
opisthokonts - ANS✅✅includes fungi, animals, and the protistan relatives
two common growth forms of fungal body structures - ANS✅✅-yeast
-multicellular filaments
yeast - ANS✅✅unicellular free-living fungi
chitin - ANS✅✅flexible nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that forms the cell wall of
poysaccharide wall f fungus and the exoskeleton of athropods
mycelium - ANS✅✅fungal mat formed by hyphae elvolved to increase surface area
-excellent at absorbing nutrients and water
two common hyphal growth forms - ANS✅✅-septate
-coenocytic
septate - ANS✅✅hyphae have cross walls that section off portions of phyhae
coenocytic - ANS✅✅hyphae lack septa so they are one mass of cytoplasm which contains
hundreds or thousands of nuclei
, haustoria - ANS✅✅branching projections that push through cell walls into living plants cells to
extract utrients from those cells
-used in mutualistic fungi that help plants
lichen - ANS✅✅symbiotic relationship between photosynthetic microorganism and fungus
mycorrihizae - ANS✅✅-ectomycorrhizal
-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
-are haustoria
ectomycorrihizal fungi - ANS✅✅form sheaths of hyphae over surface of a root, grow into
extracellular spaces of root cortex
arbuscular mycorrhizal - ANS✅✅extend branching hyphae through root cell wall into invaginations
of root cell plasma membrane
describe fungal reproduction - ANS✅✅n+n-> heterokaryotic->kayrogany to 2n-> Meosis-> n+ and
n- and n+ and n- (spores)
pheromones - ANS✅✅-sexual signaling molecules in sexual reproduction when two differeent
mycelia meet
plasmogamy - ANS✅✅fusion of hyphae in mycelia when two different mating types meet
heterokaryon - ANS✅✅secondary mycelium
dikaryotic - ANS✅✅species nuclei pair off two to a cell (only Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)
Karyogamy - ANS✅✅nuclei from two parent mycelia fuse, forming a diploid cell
Microsporidia - ANS✅✅-unicellular parasites among smallest eukaryotes known
-lack mitochondria
-obligate parasite
