Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 2
Chapter 1: Nursing Today
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ACCURATE ANSWER: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental
in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian
Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of nursing
practice is the nurse following?
Fr
a. Assessment
a
b. Diagnosis
nk
c. Planning
ly
d. Implementation
ne
ACCURATE ANSWER: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
A
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the
patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to
pl
determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements (carries out)
the identified plan.
us
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
Pa
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Page 2 of 820 2 2/1/2026, 3:21:13 PM
, Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 3
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning MSC: Management of
Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is the
nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ACCURATE ANSWER: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is an
example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is able to
assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences
to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of
patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is
able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of
experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in
nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Management of
Care
Fr
a
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
nk
nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
ly
a. Licensure
ne
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
A
d. Accountability
pl
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
us
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN candidate
Pa
Page | 3
ss
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, Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 4
must pass the NCLEX- -
certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are responsible,
professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC:
Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has
personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you
explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate
procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s
progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide
assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain
health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the
healing process.
Fr
DIF: Apply (application)
a nk
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC:
Management of Care
ly
ne
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice nurse.
However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To fulfill this desire,
which program should the nurse attend?
A
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
pl
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
us
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
Pa
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ss
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, Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 5
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN)
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development and award the
research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral programs in nursing
(DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice
doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
OBJ: Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN)
education. TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses Association.
Which type of education did the nurse receive?
a. Graduate education
b. Inservice education
c. Continuing education
d. Registered nurse education
ACCURATE ANSWER: C
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities, hospitals,
state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health care institutions.
After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pursue graduate education leading to a
master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education
Fr
programs are instruction or training provided by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse
a
education is the education preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.
nk
DIF: Apply (application)
ly
OBJ: Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN
education. TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care
ne
A
8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety Education for
Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
pl
a. Safety
us
b. Patient-centered care
Pa
Page | 5
ss
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, Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 6
c. Quality improvement
d. Teamwork and collaboration
ACCURATE ANSWER: C
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety minimizes risk of harm to
patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance. Patient-centered
care recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing
compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values, and needs.
Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning within nursing and interprofessional teams,
fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Management of
Care
9. A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress
c. Short-term grief and single stressor
d. Physical and mental exhaustion
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.
Fr
Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral violence
a
(nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or prolonged exposure to grief and loss
nk
places nurses at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Stressors, not a single stressor, contribute to
compassion fatigue. Physical and mental exhaustion describes burnout only.
ly
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
ne
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
A
pl
us
Pa
Page | 6
ss
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Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 2
Chapter 1: Nursing Today
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ACCURATE ANSWER: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental
in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian
Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of nursing
practice is the nurse following?
Fr
a. Assessment
a
b. Diagnosis
nk
c. Planning
ly
d. Implementation
ne
ACCURATE ANSWER: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
A
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the
patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to
pl
determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements (carries out)
the identified plan.
us
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
Pa
Page | 2
ss
Page 2 of 820 2 2/1/2026, 3:21:13 PM
, Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 3
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning MSC: Management of
Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is the
nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ACCURATE ANSWER: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is an
example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is able to
assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences
to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of
patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is
able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of
experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in
nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Management of
Care
Fr
a
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
nk
nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
ly
a. Licensure
ne
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
A
d. Accountability
pl
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
us
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN candidate
Pa
Page | 3
ss
Page 3 of 820 3 2/1/2026, 3:21:13 PM
, Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 4
must pass the NCLEX- -
certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are responsible,
professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC:
Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has
personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you
explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate
procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s
progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide
assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain
health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the
healing process.
Fr
DIF: Apply (application)
a nk
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC:
Management of Care
ly
ne
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice nurse.
However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To fulfill this desire,
which program should the nurse attend?
A
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
pl
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
us
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
Pa
Page | 4
ss
Page 4 of 820 4 2/1/2026, 3:21:13 PM
, Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 5
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN)
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development and award the
research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral programs in nursing
(DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice
doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
OBJ: Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN)
education. TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses Association.
Which type of education did the nurse receive?
a. Graduate education
b. Inservice education
c. Continuing education
d. Registered nurse education
ACCURATE ANSWER: C
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities, hospitals,
state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health care institutions.
After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pursue graduate education leading to a
master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education
Fr
programs are instruction or training provided by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse
a
education is the education preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.
nk
DIF: Apply (application)
ly
OBJ: Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN
education. TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care
ne
A
8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety Education for
Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
pl
a. Safety
us
b. Patient-centered care
Pa
Page | 5
ss
Page 5 of 820 5 2/1/2026, 3:21:13 PM
, Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing,
Franklyn 12th Edition 2026/2027 | Patricia A. Potter
A Plus Pass Page 6
c. Quality improvement
d. Teamwork and collaboration
ACCURATE ANSWER: C
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety minimizes risk of harm to
patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance. Patient-centered
care recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing
compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values, and needs.
Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning within nursing and interprofessional teams,
fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Management of
Care
9. A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress
c. Short-term grief and single stressor
d. Physical and mental exhaustion
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.
Fr
Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral violence
a
(nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or prolonged exposure to grief and loss
nk
places nurses at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Stressors, not a single stressor, contribute to
compassion fatigue. Physical and mental exhaustion describes burnout only.
ly
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
ne
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
A
pl
us
Pa
Page | 6
ss
Page 6 of 820 6 2/1/2026, 3:21:13 PM
