Emergency Medicine EOR
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Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in US - Answer✅✅Norovirus
Crohn's vs UC areas affected - Answer✅✅Crohns: anywhere in GI- most common in
terminal ileum
UC: limited to colon
Crohn's and UC tx: - Answer✅✅sulfasalazine, mesalamine -> steroid -> immune
modifying agents (methotrexate)
Crohn's vs UC barium studies - Answer✅✅Crohn's: string sign
UC: Stovepipe sign
Diarrhea diagnosis: - Answer✅✅Stool studies
Culture for salmonella, shigella, campylobacer, e. coli
Assay for Shiga
Entamoeba histolytica
,Protozoa
Diarrhea: treat with ciprofloxacin - Answer✅✅shigella, e. coli
Diarrhea: treat with Metronidazole - Answer✅✅Giardia, entamoeba (add
iodoquinol)
C. Diff can develop into this severe complication - Answer✅✅Psuedomembranous
colitis- yellow plaques of exudate overlay and replace necrotic tissue
C diff onset: - Answer✅✅7-10 days after antibiotic therapy
C diff treatment - Answer✅✅discontinue drug
Flagyl - Vanco if more severe
If pseudomembranous colitis complicated by toxic megacolon or perforation->
surgery needed
Constipation criteria: - Answer✅✅less than 3 BM per week
Hard stools, straining, incomplete evacuation at least 25%
GI Bleed: UGI vs. LGI - Answer✅✅UGI is proximal to ligament of Trietz (MCC is PUD)
LGI MCC is diverticular dx
Anterior MI - Answer✅✅V1-V4
LAD
Lateral MI - Answer✅✅I, aVL, V5, V6
Circumflex
Inferior MI - Answer✅✅II, III, aVF
Right coronary artery
Posterior wall MI on EKG - Answer✅✅ST depressions in V1-V2
LARGER R WAVES IN V1 AND V2
NSR rate - Answer✅✅60-100
Sinus bradycardia tx: - Answer✅✅atropine
Sick sinus syndrome tx: - Answer✅✅pacemaker
First degree AV EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅constant, prolonged PR interval
observe
Second Degree AV Block EKG and Tx
,Both types - Answer✅✅I (Wenkebach): progressive PR interval lengthening then
dropped QRS
tx: sxs atropine, asxs observe
II (Mobitz): constant prolonged PR interval then dropped QRS
tx: atropine or temporary pacing
Third degree AV Block EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅P waves are not related to QRS
tx: temporary pacing if acute
permanent pacemaker
A Flutter EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅saw tooth waves (250-350)
Stable: vagal, BB, CCB
Unstable: synch cardioversion
Def: ablation
A Fib EKG - Answer✅✅irregularly irregular rhythm ,no P waves (350-600_
A fib tx: - Answer✅✅Stable: BB, CCB, digoxin
Unstable: synch cardioversion
Anticoagulation: determine risk with CHA2Ds2-vasc
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), Rivaroxaban (xarelto), Apixaban (eliquis)
SVT EKG and tx - Answer✅✅HR greater than 100, narrow QRS wave
Adenosine (narrow complex)
Amiodarone (wide complex)
Unstable patient: synch cardioversion
Definitive: ablation
WPW EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅bundle of kent excites ventricles
Delta wave
Procainamide
Unstable: cardiovert
Def: ablation
Wandering atrial pacemaker EKG - Answer✅✅HR less than 100 with more than 3 P
waves
Multifocal atrial tachycardia EKG - Answer✅✅HR greater than 100 with more than
3 P wave changes
Multifocal atrial tachy associated with - Answer✅✅COPD
V tach EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅more than 3 consecutive PVC at rate of greater
than 100
, Amiodarone if stable
Cardiovert if unstable
V Tach with no pulse tx - Answer✅✅Defibrillation
Torasades caused by, EKG, Tx - Answer✅✅Hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia
V tach that twists around baseline
IV Magnesium
V Fib tx: - Answer✅✅Defibrillation and CPR
Pulseless electrical activity tx: - Answer✅✅CPR and epinephrine
Pericarditis EKG - Answer✅✅diffuse concave ST elevations in precordial leads
Acute coronary syndrome includes: - Answer✅✅Unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
ACS history: - Answer✅✅angina that is new in onset, crescendo, or at rest
Pain doesn't go away with Nitro
ACS thrombosis between each level - Answer✅✅subtotal in unstable angina and
NSTEMI
Total occlusion in STEMI
ACS EKG between each level - Answer✅✅Unstable angina and NSTEMI: ST
depression and/or t wave inversions
STEMI: ST elevations
ACS Cardiac enzymes between levels: - Answer✅✅Negative in unstable angina
Positive in NSTEMI and STEMI
Etiologies of ACS: - Answer✅✅Atheroscleosis most commonly
Vasospasm: cocaine, variant (Prinzmetal)
Initial management of CHF - Answer✅✅ACE and diuretic for sxs
Pericarditis etiologies - Answer✅✅either idiopathic or viral (entervirus)
Pericarditis sxs: - Answer✅✅pleuritic CP, persisten, and postural (worse when
supine and relieved by leaning forward)
Pericardial friction rub
Pericarditis dx: - Answer✅✅EKG
Exam|Brand New Expert Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Clear
Verified Answers| All Graded
A+|Latest Premium Update|100%
Guaranteed Success
Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in US - Answer✅✅Norovirus
Crohn's vs UC areas affected - Answer✅✅Crohns: anywhere in GI- most common in
terminal ileum
UC: limited to colon
Crohn's and UC tx: - Answer✅✅sulfasalazine, mesalamine -> steroid -> immune
modifying agents (methotrexate)
Crohn's vs UC barium studies - Answer✅✅Crohn's: string sign
UC: Stovepipe sign
Diarrhea diagnosis: - Answer✅✅Stool studies
Culture for salmonella, shigella, campylobacer, e. coli
Assay for Shiga
Entamoeba histolytica
,Protozoa
Diarrhea: treat with ciprofloxacin - Answer✅✅shigella, e. coli
Diarrhea: treat with Metronidazole - Answer✅✅Giardia, entamoeba (add
iodoquinol)
C. Diff can develop into this severe complication - Answer✅✅Psuedomembranous
colitis- yellow plaques of exudate overlay and replace necrotic tissue
C diff onset: - Answer✅✅7-10 days after antibiotic therapy
C diff treatment - Answer✅✅discontinue drug
Flagyl - Vanco if more severe
If pseudomembranous colitis complicated by toxic megacolon or perforation->
surgery needed
Constipation criteria: - Answer✅✅less than 3 BM per week
Hard stools, straining, incomplete evacuation at least 25%
GI Bleed: UGI vs. LGI - Answer✅✅UGI is proximal to ligament of Trietz (MCC is PUD)
LGI MCC is diverticular dx
Anterior MI - Answer✅✅V1-V4
LAD
Lateral MI - Answer✅✅I, aVL, V5, V6
Circumflex
Inferior MI - Answer✅✅II, III, aVF
Right coronary artery
Posterior wall MI on EKG - Answer✅✅ST depressions in V1-V2
LARGER R WAVES IN V1 AND V2
NSR rate - Answer✅✅60-100
Sinus bradycardia tx: - Answer✅✅atropine
Sick sinus syndrome tx: - Answer✅✅pacemaker
First degree AV EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅constant, prolonged PR interval
observe
Second Degree AV Block EKG and Tx
,Both types - Answer✅✅I (Wenkebach): progressive PR interval lengthening then
dropped QRS
tx: sxs atropine, asxs observe
II (Mobitz): constant prolonged PR interval then dropped QRS
tx: atropine or temporary pacing
Third degree AV Block EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅P waves are not related to QRS
tx: temporary pacing if acute
permanent pacemaker
A Flutter EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅saw tooth waves (250-350)
Stable: vagal, BB, CCB
Unstable: synch cardioversion
Def: ablation
A Fib EKG - Answer✅✅irregularly irregular rhythm ,no P waves (350-600_
A fib tx: - Answer✅✅Stable: BB, CCB, digoxin
Unstable: synch cardioversion
Anticoagulation: determine risk with CHA2Ds2-vasc
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), Rivaroxaban (xarelto), Apixaban (eliquis)
SVT EKG and tx - Answer✅✅HR greater than 100, narrow QRS wave
Adenosine (narrow complex)
Amiodarone (wide complex)
Unstable patient: synch cardioversion
Definitive: ablation
WPW EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅bundle of kent excites ventricles
Delta wave
Procainamide
Unstable: cardiovert
Def: ablation
Wandering atrial pacemaker EKG - Answer✅✅HR less than 100 with more than 3 P
waves
Multifocal atrial tachycardia EKG - Answer✅✅HR greater than 100 with more than
3 P wave changes
Multifocal atrial tachy associated with - Answer✅✅COPD
V tach EKG and tx: - Answer✅✅more than 3 consecutive PVC at rate of greater
than 100
, Amiodarone if stable
Cardiovert if unstable
V Tach with no pulse tx - Answer✅✅Defibrillation
Torasades caused by, EKG, Tx - Answer✅✅Hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia
V tach that twists around baseline
IV Magnesium
V Fib tx: - Answer✅✅Defibrillation and CPR
Pulseless electrical activity tx: - Answer✅✅CPR and epinephrine
Pericarditis EKG - Answer✅✅diffuse concave ST elevations in precordial leads
Acute coronary syndrome includes: - Answer✅✅Unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
ACS history: - Answer✅✅angina that is new in onset, crescendo, or at rest
Pain doesn't go away with Nitro
ACS thrombosis between each level - Answer✅✅subtotal in unstable angina and
NSTEMI
Total occlusion in STEMI
ACS EKG between each level - Answer✅✅Unstable angina and NSTEMI: ST
depression and/or t wave inversions
STEMI: ST elevations
ACS Cardiac enzymes between levels: - Answer✅✅Negative in unstable angina
Positive in NSTEMI and STEMI
Etiologies of ACS: - Answer✅✅Atheroscleosis most commonly
Vasospasm: cocaine, variant (Prinzmetal)
Initial management of CHF - Answer✅✅ACE and diuretic for sxs
Pericarditis etiologies - Answer✅✅either idiopathic or viral (entervirus)
Pericarditis sxs: - Answer✅✅pleuritic CP, persisten, and postural (worse when
supine and relieved by leaning forward)
Pericardial friction rub
Pericarditis dx: - Answer✅✅EKG
