Diabetes (DKA / HHS) Exam 4 Comprehensive Study Guide with Key Terms,
Definitions, Practice Questions, and Detailed Summaries for Exam
Preparation Across Multiple Topics and Chapters ”
cause of type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER -
autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in little to no insulin produ
ction.
True or false: obesity is commonly seen in both type 1 & 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER -
FALSE: obesity is common in Type 2. Most children diagnosed with Type 1 actually have weight
loss due to total lack of glucose getting into the cells.
Compare age of onset for Type 1 vs. Type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWER -Type 1: < 30 yo -
most often diagnosed during school age
Type 2: > 40 yo
Compare the timing of onset for Type 1 vs. Type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWER -
Type 1: rapid onset, usually diagnosed d/t DKA status
Type 2: gradual onset, building over years with risk factors
Name some common symptoms of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER --
3 Ps: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
- weakness & fatigue: lack of energy in cells
- increased infections, poor wound healing
How long must you fast for a FPG test? - CORRECT ANSWER -at least 8 hours
what is the rule with antidiabetic meds prior to a fasting plasma glucose draw? -
CORRECT ANSWER -
, postpone taking them until after the level is drawn, EXCEPT for insulin. Be sure to take the blo
od sample in the morning prior to insulin administration to avoid postponing this.
fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diagnosing DM - CORRECT ANSWER -
> 126 mg/dl (normal is < 100 mg/dl & pre-diabetes ranges from 100-125 mg/dl)
When are oral glucose tolerance tests most often performed? - CORRECT ANSWER -
testing for gestational DM in pregnant women between 24-28 weeks
Instructions for OGTT:
- eat a well-balanced diet for days prior
- fast for _________ hours prior to test - CORRECT ANSWER -3, 10, 12
Explain how an oral glucose tolerance test is performed - CORRECT ANSWER -
a FPG is drawn and the patient is instructed to drink a glucose-
rich drink. Your blood glucose level is drawn q30 minutes for up to 2 hours. While your blood g
lucose is expected to rise initially, insulin should be able to control it by the 2 hour mark.
Blood glucose indicating failure of the 2 hour OGTT - CORRECT ANSWER -> 140 mg/dl
If you fail the first round of OGTT, what is required? - CORRECT ANSWER -
a second step appointment where a 3-hr OGTT is performed
Best indicator of average blood glucose over 4 months - CORRECT ANSWER -HBA1C
HBA1C level for diagnosis of diabetes & pre-diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER -Diabetes: > 6.5%
Pre-diabetes: 57-6.4%
Definitions, Practice Questions, and Detailed Summaries for Exam
Preparation Across Multiple Topics and Chapters ”
cause of type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER -
autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in little to no insulin produ
ction.
True or false: obesity is commonly seen in both type 1 & 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER -
FALSE: obesity is common in Type 2. Most children diagnosed with Type 1 actually have weight
loss due to total lack of glucose getting into the cells.
Compare age of onset for Type 1 vs. Type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWER -Type 1: < 30 yo -
most often diagnosed during school age
Type 2: > 40 yo
Compare the timing of onset for Type 1 vs. Type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWER -
Type 1: rapid onset, usually diagnosed d/t DKA status
Type 2: gradual onset, building over years with risk factors
Name some common symptoms of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER --
3 Ps: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
- weakness & fatigue: lack of energy in cells
- increased infections, poor wound healing
How long must you fast for a FPG test? - CORRECT ANSWER -at least 8 hours
what is the rule with antidiabetic meds prior to a fasting plasma glucose draw? -
CORRECT ANSWER -
, postpone taking them until after the level is drawn, EXCEPT for insulin. Be sure to take the blo
od sample in the morning prior to insulin administration to avoid postponing this.
fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diagnosing DM - CORRECT ANSWER -
> 126 mg/dl (normal is < 100 mg/dl & pre-diabetes ranges from 100-125 mg/dl)
When are oral glucose tolerance tests most often performed? - CORRECT ANSWER -
testing for gestational DM in pregnant women between 24-28 weeks
Instructions for OGTT:
- eat a well-balanced diet for days prior
- fast for _________ hours prior to test - CORRECT ANSWER -3, 10, 12
Explain how an oral glucose tolerance test is performed - CORRECT ANSWER -
a FPG is drawn and the patient is instructed to drink a glucose-
rich drink. Your blood glucose level is drawn q30 minutes for up to 2 hours. While your blood g
lucose is expected to rise initially, insulin should be able to control it by the 2 hour mark.
Blood glucose indicating failure of the 2 hour OGTT - CORRECT ANSWER -> 140 mg/dl
If you fail the first round of OGTT, what is required? - CORRECT ANSWER -
a second step appointment where a 3-hr OGTT is performed
Best indicator of average blood glucose over 4 months - CORRECT ANSWER -HBA1C
HBA1C level for diagnosis of diabetes & pre-diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER -Diabetes: > 6.5%
Pre-diabetes: 57-6.4%
