CRT/RRT (NBRC) FULL REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS 2025/2026
Flat percussion - ANSWER ->-heard over sternum, muscles, or
areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - ANSWER ->-heard over fluid-filled organs such
as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - ANSWER ->-heard over air-filled
stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
,Hyperresonant - ANSWER ->-found where pneumothorax or
emphysema is present.
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds - ANSWER ->normal sounds in lungs
bronchial breath sounds - ANSWER ->-normal sounds over
airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
Egophony - ANSWER ->-patient instructed to say E and sounds
like A.
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - ANSWER ->-
increased intensity or transmission of the spoken voice and
indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
Rales - ANSWER ->-crackles
-secretions/fluid
Coarse rales - ANSWER ->-rhonchi
-LARGE airway secretions
-needs suctioning
medium rales - ANSWER ->-middle airway secretions
,-needs CPT
Fine rales - ANSWER ->-fluid in alveoli
-CHF, pulmonary edema
-IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O2
Wheeze - ANSWER ->-due to bronchospasm
-bronchodilator Tx
-unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction
stridor - ANSWER ->-upper airway obstruction
-supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
-subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
-foreign body aspiration
-Racemic epinephrine
-intubation if MARKED stridor
-Lateral neck Xray for confirmation
Pleural friction rub - ANSWER ->-coarse grating or crunching
sound
-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
-associated with TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
-steroids and antibiotics
Heart Sound S₁ - ANSWER ->-closure of the mitral and tricuspid
valves at the beginning of ventricular contraction
Heart Sound S₂ - ANSWER ->-closure of pulmonic and aortic
valves
, -occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ - ANSWER ->-abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sound S₄ - ANSWER ->-abnormal and indicative of cardiac
abnormality such as myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly
Heart murmurs - ANSWER ->-sounds caused by turbulent blood
flow
-heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening
(ASD, PDA)
Bruits - ANSWER ->-sounds made in an artery or vein when
blood flow becomes turbulent or flows at an abnormal speed.
-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel
(carotid artery)
Blood pressure - ANSWER ->-systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
Costophrenic Angle - ANSWER ->-angle made by the outer
curve of the diaphragm and the chest wall
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
Diaphragm - ANSWER ->-dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS 2025/2026
Flat percussion - ANSWER ->-heard over sternum, muscles, or
areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - ANSWER ->-heard over fluid-filled organs such
as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - ANSWER ->-heard over air-filled
stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
,Hyperresonant - ANSWER ->-found where pneumothorax or
emphysema is present.
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds - ANSWER ->normal sounds in lungs
bronchial breath sounds - ANSWER ->-normal sounds over
airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
Egophony - ANSWER ->-patient instructed to say E and sounds
like A.
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - ANSWER ->-
increased intensity or transmission of the spoken voice and
indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
Rales - ANSWER ->-crackles
-secretions/fluid
Coarse rales - ANSWER ->-rhonchi
-LARGE airway secretions
-needs suctioning
medium rales - ANSWER ->-middle airway secretions
,-needs CPT
Fine rales - ANSWER ->-fluid in alveoli
-CHF, pulmonary edema
-IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O2
Wheeze - ANSWER ->-due to bronchospasm
-bronchodilator Tx
-unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction
stridor - ANSWER ->-upper airway obstruction
-supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
-subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
-foreign body aspiration
-Racemic epinephrine
-intubation if MARKED stridor
-Lateral neck Xray for confirmation
Pleural friction rub - ANSWER ->-coarse grating or crunching
sound
-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
-associated with TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
-steroids and antibiotics
Heart Sound S₁ - ANSWER ->-closure of the mitral and tricuspid
valves at the beginning of ventricular contraction
Heart Sound S₂ - ANSWER ->-closure of pulmonic and aortic
valves
, -occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ - ANSWER ->-abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sound S₄ - ANSWER ->-abnormal and indicative of cardiac
abnormality such as myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly
Heart murmurs - ANSWER ->-sounds caused by turbulent blood
flow
-heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening
(ASD, PDA)
Bruits - ANSWER ->-sounds made in an artery or vein when
blood flow becomes turbulent or flows at an abnormal speed.
-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel
(carotid artery)
Blood pressure - ANSWER ->-systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
Costophrenic Angle - ANSWER ->-angle made by the outer
curve of the diaphragm and the chest wall
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
Diaphragm - ANSWER ->-dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
