BIO 141 EXAM 2 2025/2026 BANK CURRENTLY
TESTING 2 VERSIONS COMPLETE ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
EXPERT VERIFIED /ALREADY GRADED A+
1. The primary function of cellular respiration is to:
a) Synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
b) Break down glucose to release energy in a usable form.
c) Produce lactic acid during anaerobic conditions.
d) Transport oxygen to cells throughout the body.
....ANSWER....: b) Break down glucose to release energy in a usable form.
2. Which of the following is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a) A membrane-bound nucleus.
b) Mitochondria.
c) Ribosomes.
d) Endoplasmic reticulum.
....ANSWER....: c) Ribosomes.
3. In a DNA double helix, adenine (A) always pairs with:
a) Cytosine (C)
b) Guanine (G)
c) Thymine (T)
d) Uracil (U)
....ANSWER....: c) Thymine (T)
4. The process by which a cell secretes macromolecules by the fusion of a vesicle with the
plasma membrane is called:
a) Phagocytosis
b) Exocytosis
c) Endocytosis
d) Pinocytosis
....ANSWER....: b) Exocytosis
5. During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of
the cell?
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
, d) Telophase
....ANSWER....: c) Anaphase
6. The organelle responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles for transport within the cell or
for secretion is the:
a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Golgi Apparatus
d) Lysosome
....ANSWER....: c) Golgi Apparatus
7. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than inside the cell is
best described as:
a) Hypertonic
b) Hypotonic
c) Isotonic
d) Osmotic
....ANSWER....: b) Hypotonic
8. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration is:
a) NAD+
b) Water (H₂O)
c) Oxygen (O₂)
d) Pyruvate
....ANSWER....: c) Oxygen (O₂)
9. Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?
a) DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
b) DNA contains adenine; RNA does not.
c) DNA uses the sugar ribose; RNA uses deoxyribose.
d) DNA is found in the cytoplasm; RNA is only in the nucleus.
....ANSWER....: a) DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
,10. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:
a) Increasing the activation energy.
b) Decreasing the activation energy.
c) Changing the free energy (ΔG) of the reaction.
d) Being consumed in the reaction.
....ANSWER....: b) Decreasing the activation energy.
11. The stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen is:
a) The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
b) Oxidative Phosphorylation
c) Glycolysis
d) The Electron Transport Chain
....ANSWER....: c) Glycolysis
12. A cell that is in a non-dividing, "resting" state for an extended period is said to be in which
phase of the cell cycle?
a) S phase
b) G₁ phase
c) G₂ phase
d) G₀ phase
....ANSWER....: d) G₀ phase
13. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the:
a) Nucleus
b) Plasma Membrane
c) Mitochondrion
d) Cytoskeleton
....ANSWER....: b) Plasma Membrane
14. In a chemical reaction, the reactants possess more free energy than the products. This type of
reaction is correctly labeled as:
a) Endergonic and requires a net input of energy.
, b) Exergonic and releases energy.
c) At equilibrium.
d) Coupled.
....ANSWER....: b) Exergonic and releases energy.
15. Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy?
a) The pumping of protons during the electron transport chain.
b) The carbon fixation reactions of the Calvin Cycle.
c) The excitation of electrons in chlorophyll.
d) The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.
....ANSWER....: c) The excitation of electrons in chlorophyll.
16. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are regulatory enzymes that control the cell cycle. They
are active when:
a) They are phosphorylated by a specific phosphatase.
b) They are bound to a cyclin protein.
c) The cell is in G₀ phase.
d) Levels of p53 are high.
....ANSWER....: b) They are bound to a cyclin protein.
17. The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a classic example of:
a) Facilitated diffusion.
b) Passive transport.
c) Active transport.
d) Osmosis.
....ANSWER....: c) Active transport.
18. During photosynthesis, the oxygen (O₂) released by plants originates from:
a) Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
b) Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
c) Water (H₂O)
d) ATP
....ANSWER....: c) Water (H₂O)
TESTING 2 VERSIONS COMPLETE ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
EXPERT VERIFIED /ALREADY GRADED A+
1. The primary function of cellular respiration is to:
a) Synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
b) Break down glucose to release energy in a usable form.
c) Produce lactic acid during anaerobic conditions.
d) Transport oxygen to cells throughout the body.
....ANSWER....: b) Break down glucose to release energy in a usable form.
2. Which of the following is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a) A membrane-bound nucleus.
b) Mitochondria.
c) Ribosomes.
d) Endoplasmic reticulum.
....ANSWER....: c) Ribosomes.
3. In a DNA double helix, adenine (A) always pairs with:
a) Cytosine (C)
b) Guanine (G)
c) Thymine (T)
d) Uracil (U)
....ANSWER....: c) Thymine (T)
4. The process by which a cell secretes macromolecules by the fusion of a vesicle with the
plasma membrane is called:
a) Phagocytosis
b) Exocytosis
c) Endocytosis
d) Pinocytosis
....ANSWER....: b) Exocytosis
5. During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of
the cell?
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
, d) Telophase
....ANSWER....: c) Anaphase
6. The organelle responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles for transport within the cell or
for secretion is the:
a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Golgi Apparatus
d) Lysosome
....ANSWER....: c) Golgi Apparatus
7. A solution in which the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than inside the cell is
best described as:
a) Hypertonic
b) Hypotonic
c) Isotonic
d) Osmotic
....ANSWER....: b) Hypotonic
8. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration is:
a) NAD+
b) Water (H₂O)
c) Oxygen (O₂)
d) Pyruvate
....ANSWER....: c) Oxygen (O₂)
9. Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?
a) DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
b) DNA contains adenine; RNA does not.
c) DNA uses the sugar ribose; RNA uses deoxyribose.
d) DNA is found in the cytoplasm; RNA is only in the nucleus.
....ANSWER....: a) DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
,10. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:
a) Increasing the activation energy.
b) Decreasing the activation energy.
c) Changing the free energy (ΔG) of the reaction.
d) Being consumed in the reaction.
....ANSWER....: b) Decreasing the activation energy.
11. The stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen is:
a) The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
b) Oxidative Phosphorylation
c) Glycolysis
d) The Electron Transport Chain
....ANSWER....: c) Glycolysis
12. A cell that is in a non-dividing, "resting" state for an extended period is said to be in which
phase of the cell cycle?
a) S phase
b) G₁ phase
c) G₂ phase
d) G₀ phase
....ANSWER....: d) G₀ phase
13. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the:
a) Nucleus
b) Plasma Membrane
c) Mitochondrion
d) Cytoskeleton
....ANSWER....: b) Plasma Membrane
14. In a chemical reaction, the reactants possess more free energy than the products. This type of
reaction is correctly labeled as:
a) Endergonic and requires a net input of energy.
, b) Exergonic and releases energy.
c) At equilibrium.
d) Coupled.
....ANSWER....: b) Exergonic and releases energy.
15. Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy?
a) The pumping of protons during the electron transport chain.
b) The carbon fixation reactions of the Calvin Cycle.
c) The excitation of electrons in chlorophyll.
d) The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.
....ANSWER....: c) The excitation of electrons in chlorophyll.
16. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are regulatory enzymes that control the cell cycle. They
are active when:
a) They are phosphorylated by a specific phosphatase.
b) They are bound to a cyclin protein.
c) The cell is in G₀ phase.
d) Levels of p53 are high.
....ANSWER....: b) They are bound to a cyclin protein.
17. The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a classic example of:
a) Facilitated diffusion.
b) Passive transport.
c) Active transport.
d) Osmosis.
....ANSWER....: c) Active transport.
18. During photosynthesis, the oxygen (O₂) released by plants originates from:
a) Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
b) Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
c) Water (H₂O)
d) ATP
....ANSWER....: c) Water (H₂O)
