Reproductive Health – Vulvovaginitis exam
1. What is the MC reason for seeking gynecologic care?: MC is vulvovaginitis
2. What are the MCC of vulvovaginitis?: MCCs = Infection
1. Bacterial Vaginosis = MC type of infection
2. Candidiasis
3. Trichomoniasis
3. What types of STIs can cause vulvovaginitis?: - Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia
- Trichomoniasis
- HSV
4. What are noninfectious causes of vulvovaginitis?: - Vulvular dermatitis
- atrophic vaginitis
- Foreign body
- pregnancy
- sexual activity
- contraceptive choice (increased estrogen)
- dermatologic conditions
- Vulvodynia
,- RA or systemic lupus
5. What is vulvular dermatitis caused by?: - irritants and allergens from vaginal washes or douches
6. How is vulvodynia defined?: - Chronic vulvar pain >3 months, which can become complicated and
cause infections
7. What are characteristics of normal vaginal discharge in an individual with es-
trogen (reproductive age or premenopausal using supplemental estrogen)?: -
1-3 mL of fluid/24 hours
- white or transparent, thick or thin, mostly odorLESS
- pH 4.0-4.5
8. How is normal vaginal discharge formed?: 1. Mucoid endocervical secretions
2. Glycogen rich sloughing epithelial cells are substrate for lactobacilli
3. Lactobacilli converts glucose into lactic acid creating acidic vaginal environment
9. What is the dominant vaginal bacteria?: Lactobacilli
, 10. How does low estrogen affect the flora and pH of the vagina?: - DECREASED
latobacilli
- ELEVATED vaginal pH (>4.5)
11. Who is considered to have low estrogen?: - premenarchal
- postpartum
- lactating
- postmenopausal
- using estrogen blocking drugs
12. What type of organisms are part of the vaginal microbiota?: - bacteria
- fungi
- viruses
- archaea
- protozoans
13. What is physiological leukorrhea?: Normal vaginal discharge that occurs midmenstrual cycle (close
to ovulation), during pregnancy, or with estrogen containing contraceptives
14. What are associated symptoms of vulvovaginitis?: - burning
- irritation
1. What is the MC reason for seeking gynecologic care?: MC is vulvovaginitis
2. What are the MCC of vulvovaginitis?: MCCs = Infection
1. Bacterial Vaginosis = MC type of infection
2. Candidiasis
3. Trichomoniasis
3. What types of STIs can cause vulvovaginitis?: - Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia
- Trichomoniasis
- HSV
4. What are noninfectious causes of vulvovaginitis?: - Vulvular dermatitis
- atrophic vaginitis
- Foreign body
- pregnancy
- sexual activity
- contraceptive choice (increased estrogen)
- dermatologic conditions
- Vulvodynia
,- RA or systemic lupus
5. What is vulvular dermatitis caused by?: - irritants and allergens from vaginal washes or douches
6. How is vulvodynia defined?: - Chronic vulvar pain >3 months, which can become complicated and
cause infections
7. What are characteristics of normal vaginal discharge in an individual with es-
trogen (reproductive age or premenopausal using supplemental estrogen)?: -
1-3 mL of fluid/24 hours
- white or transparent, thick or thin, mostly odorLESS
- pH 4.0-4.5
8. How is normal vaginal discharge formed?: 1. Mucoid endocervical secretions
2. Glycogen rich sloughing epithelial cells are substrate for lactobacilli
3. Lactobacilli converts glucose into lactic acid creating acidic vaginal environment
9. What is the dominant vaginal bacteria?: Lactobacilli
, 10. How does low estrogen affect the flora and pH of the vagina?: - DECREASED
latobacilli
- ELEVATED vaginal pH (>4.5)
11. Who is considered to have low estrogen?: - premenarchal
- postpartum
- lactating
- postmenopausal
- using estrogen blocking drugs
12. What type of organisms are part of the vaginal microbiota?: - bacteria
- fungi
- viruses
- archaea
- protozoans
13. What is physiological leukorrhea?: Normal vaginal discharge that occurs midmenstrual cycle (close
to ovulation), during pregnancy, or with estrogen containing contraceptives
14. What are associated symptoms of vulvovaginitis?: - burning
- irritation
