● Personality traits: Enduring patterns of perceiving and relating to oneself
and the environment.
● Personality disorders: Marked deviations from cultural norms, pervasive,
inflexible, and onset during adolescence or early adulthood.
● Defining Features of personality disorders:
● Distorted thinking patterns
● Problematic emotional responses
● Impulse control issues
● Interpersonal difficulties
● Clusters of personality disorders:
● Cluster A: Odd or eccentric (Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal)
● Cluster B: Dramatic/emotional/erratic (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic,
Narcissistic)
● Cluster C: Anxious/fearful (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive)
● Prevalence:
● Cluster A: 3.6%
● Cluster B: 4.5%
● Cluster C: 2.8%
● Overall: 10.5%
Cluster A Disorders
● Cluster A (2-5% prevalence):
● Paranoid Personality Disorder:
● Marked distrust of others
● Interpret benign actions as malicious
● Hold grudges and react aggressively to perceived insults.
● Schizoid Personality Disorder:
● Avoidance of social relationships
● Limited emotional expression
, ● Preference for solitary activities.
● Schizotypal Personality Disorder:
● Impairment in social relationships
● Odd cognitive distortions (e.g., ideas of reference)
● Eccentric behaviors and social anxiety.
Cluster B Disorders
● Cluster B:
● Antisocial Personality Disorder:
● Disregard for others' rights
● Patterns of deceitfulness and impulsivity
● Lack of remorse for harmful actions.
● Borderline Personality Disorder:
● Instability in relationships and self-image
● Fear of abandonment leading to impulsive behaviors
● Higher rates of self-harm and suicide attempts.
● Histrionic Personality Disorder:
● Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
● Dramatic behaviors and discomfort when not the center of
attention.
● Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
● Grandiosity and lack of empathy
● Need for excessive admiration and exploitation of relationships.
Cluster C Disorders
● Cluster C:
● Avoidant Personality Disorder:
● Social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy
● Fear of negative evaluation leading to isolation.
and the environment.
● Personality disorders: Marked deviations from cultural norms, pervasive,
inflexible, and onset during adolescence or early adulthood.
● Defining Features of personality disorders:
● Distorted thinking patterns
● Problematic emotional responses
● Impulse control issues
● Interpersonal difficulties
● Clusters of personality disorders:
● Cluster A: Odd or eccentric (Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal)
● Cluster B: Dramatic/emotional/erratic (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic,
Narcissistic)
● Cluster C: Anxious/fearful (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive)
● Prevalence:
● Cluster A: 3.6%
● Cluster B: 4.5%
● Cluster C: 2.8%
● Overall: 10.5%
Cluster A Disorders
● Cluster A (2-5% prevalence):
● Paranoid Personality Disorder:
● Marked distrust of others
● Interpret benign actions as malicious
● Hold grudges and react aggressively to perceived insults.
● Schizoid Personality Disorder:
● Avoidance of social relationships
● Limited emotional expression
, ● Preference for solitary activities.
● Schizotypal Personality Disorder:
● Impairment in social relationships
● Odd cognitive distortions (e.g., ideas of reference)
● Eccentric behaviors and social anxiety.
Cluster B Disorders
● Cluster B:
● Antisocial Personality Disorder:
● Disregard for others' rights
● Patterns of deceitfulness and impulsivity
● Lack of remorse for harmful actions.
● Borderline Personality Disorder:
● Instability in relationships and self-image
● Fear of abandonment leading to impulsive behaviors
● Higher rates of self-harm and suicide attempts.
● Histrionic Personality Disorder:
● Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
● Dramatic behaviors and discomfort when not the center of
attention.
● Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
● Grandiosity and lack of empathy
● Need for excessive admiration and exploitation of relationships.
Cluster C Disorders
● Cluster C:
● Avoidant Personality Disorder:
● Social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy
● Fear of negative evaluation leading to isolation.
