AVCA Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
What component of the equine TL anatomy makes it easiest for a horse to support
a rider on its back? - Correct answer-T18 Vertebra
T/F: Intertransverse joints are present in the horse between L5 and L6 as well as
between L6 and the sacrum. Sometimes they can also be seen between L4 and L 5 -
Correct answer-True
T/F: The lumbar vertebral body of dogs is smaller than in a comparably sized
human because dogs have fewer muscles attached to it. - Correct answer-False
T/F: The head of each rib articulates with the thoracic vertebra of the same number
as well as the vertebra cranial to it - Correct answer-True
T/F: The mamillary process, which is a segmental contact point for certain
chiropractic adjustments, is seen only on the lumbar vertebrae. - Correct answer-
False (Also seen on lower thoracic)
T/F: The Iliopsoas muscle is an epaxial muscle that is frequently injured in agility
dogs that experience hyperextension of the pelvic limbs. - Correct answer-True
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, Moving from medial to lateral, name the three epaxial muscle systems - Correct
answer-Transversospinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
The most mobile area of the spine is the ____________ junction. - Correct answer-
Thoracolumbar
In the "bow and string model" the ______________ provide the rigid bow
component - Correct answer-vertebra and common ligaments
The string component is comprised of the ____________ muscles. - Correct
answer-epaxial, longus coli, psoas, and abdominal
Increased tension in the string__________ the kyphosis. - Correct answer-
Increases (arches the back)
Decreased tension in the string causes _________ kyphosis and increased lordosis.
- Correct answer-decreases (sway back)
Movement direction of the vertebral motor units are determined by the: - Correct
answer-disc plane and facet angles
Like links in a chain, proper movement of each motor unit is small, yet overall all
units participate for a total sum of full range of motion. Chiropractically speaking,
what two factors should be of primary concern ? - Correct answer-Subluxation
Compensatory fixation
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What component of the equine TL anatomy makes it easiest for a horse to support
a rider on its back? - Correct answer-T18 Vertebra
T/F: Intertransverse joints are present in the horse between L5 and L6 as well as
between L6 and the sacrum. Sometimes they can also be seen between L4 and L 5 -
Correct answer-True
T/F: The lumbar vertebral body of dogs is smaller than in a comparably sized
human because dogs have fewer muscles attached to it. - Correct answer-False
T/F: The head of each rib articulates with the thoracic vertebra of the same number
as well as the vertebra cranial to it - Correct answer-True
T/F: The mamillary process, which is a segmental contact point for certain
chiropractic adjustments, is seen only on the lumbar vertebrae. - Correct answer-
False (Also seen on lower thoracic)
T/F: The Iliopsoas muscle is an epaxial muscle that is frequently injured in agility
dogs that experience hyperextension of the pelvic limbs. - Correct answer-True
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Moving from medial to lateral, name the three epaxial muscle systems - Correct
answer-Transversospinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
The most mobile area of the spine is the ____________ junction. - Correct answer-
Thoracolumbar
In the "bow and string model" the ______________ provide the rigid bow
component - Correct answer-vertebra and common ligaments
The string component is comprised of the ____________ muscles. - Correct
answer-epaxial, longus coli, psoas, and abdominal
Increased tension in the string__________ the kyphosis. - Correct answer-
Increases (arches the back)
Decreased tension in the string causes _________ kyphosis and increased lordosis.
- Correct answer-decreases (sway back)
Movement direction of the vertebral motor units are determined by the: - Correct
answer-disc plane and facet angles
Like links in a chain, proper movement of each motor unit is small, yet overall all
units participate for a total sum of full range of motion. Chiropractically speaking,
what two factors should be of primary concern ? - Correct answer-Subluxation
Compensatory fixation
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
