Principles of Biology FINAL EXAM
study guide 2026
What are the Six characteristics of life: - Correct answer-1. Organisms are
composed of cells
2. Organisms grow and develop
3. Organisms reproduce
3. Organisms react to stimuli
4. Organisms regulate
5. Populations of organisms evolve
What is the basic structural and functional unit of life that consists of material
bound by a membrane? - Correct answer-the cell
Where do new cells come from? - Correct answer-new cells come from old cells
What are the simplest forms of life? - Correct answer-simplest forms of life are
unicellular.
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,Compare and contrast, plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria cells: - Correct
answer-a. plant cells: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, membrane bound
organelles, chloroplasts
b. Animal cells: cell membrane, nucleus, membrane bound organelles
c. bacteria: cell wall, cell membrane, may have flagella or cilia, contains DNA but
no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, only ribosomes.
What are the two types of cells? Describe each and list the kingdoms they include.
- Correct answer-a. Eukaryotic: include kingdoms Animalia, plantae, Protista, and
fungi. Cell membrane, in case of plants cell wall, have a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles. Eu= true nucleus.
b. Prokaryotic: kingdoms bacteria and archea. Cell wall and membrane, no
nucleus, have DNA and ribosomes. Pro= before nucleus.
How do organisms grow? How do they develop? - Correct answer-organisms grow
through cell division-- organisms develop by their characteristics changing
overtime.
What are metabolic processes? - Correct answer-they help the cell regenerate to
repair damage, and help maintain homeostasis.
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,What are the two ways organisms can reproduce? - Correct answer-asexual
reproduction (binary fission) -- sexual reproduction (egg and sperm cell form a
zygote)
Elaborate on the statement populations evolve, and the two different types of
evolution examples: - Correct answer-a. they change over generations, for example
the average human height has increased over generations.
b. structural- walrus's develop blubber to withstand cold
c. behavioral- bird's migration patterns have changed over time because of climate
change
What is an example of information transfer within and among organisms:? -
Correct answer-a. within- if you touch something hot then you know to move your
hand.
b. between- trees transfer chemicals through roots to one another underground
Define DNA; What does DNA code for? - Correct answer-a large molecule that
contains heritable information -- codes for proteins (amino acid chains,
polypeptides)
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, How many species have been discovered thus far? How many do we think we have
yet to discover? What do we believe most of them are? - Correct answer-a. 1.8
million species have been discovered thus far.
b. 5-50 million species.
c. most undiscovered are believed to be fungi and bacteria.
What is the two part way of naming species called; Describe the rules for writing a
species name by this system: - Correct answer-The two name system for naming
species is called the binomial system of nomenclature Rules: capitalize the first
name, the second is not capitalized; when writing it you underline it; when you
type it you italicize it ; how to write an abbreviation H. sapiens
Who is Carolus Linnaeus? - Correct answer-father of taxonomy, he gave us the
binomial system of nomenclature
What is a species? A closely related group of species is called: - Correct answer-
Species: a group of organisms with similar function and structure that CAN
interbreed; closely related group of species is called a taxon
What is the memory key did king Philip come over for good sex for? - Correct
answer-domain-> kingdom->phylum-> class-> order-> genus-> species
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study guide 2026
What are the Six characteristics of life: - Correct answer-1. Organisms are
composed of cells
2. Organisms grow and develop
3. Organisms reproduce
3. Organisms react to stimuli
4. Organisms regulate
5. Populations of organisms evolve
What is the basic structural and functional unit of life that consists of material
bound by a membrane? - Correct answer-the cell
Where do new cells come from? - Correct answer-new cells come from old cells
What are the simplest forms of life? - Correct answer-simplest forms of life are
unicellular.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Compare and contrast, plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria cells: - Correct
answer-a. plant cells: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, membrane bound
organelles, chloroplasts
b. Animal cells: cell membrane, nucleus, membrane bound organelles
c. bacteria: cell wall, cell membrane, may have flagella or cilia, contains DNA but
no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, only ribosomes.
What are the two types of cells? Describe each and list the kingdoms they include.
- Correct answer-a. Eukaryotic: include kingdoms Animalia, plantae, Protista, and
fungi. Cell membrane, in case of plants cell wall, have a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles. Eu= true nucleus.
b. Prokaryotic: kingdoms bacteria and archea. Cell wall and membrane, no
nucleus, have DNA and ribosomes. Pro= before nucleus.
How do organisms grow? How do they develop? - Correct answer-organisms grow
through cell division-- organisms develop by their characteristics changing
overtime.
What are metabolic processes? - Correct answer-they help the cell regenerate to
repair damage, and help maintain homeostasis.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,What are the two ways organisms can reproduce? - Correct answer-asexual
reproduction (binary fission) -- sexual reproduction (egg and sperm cell form a
zygote)
Elaborate on the statement populations evolve, and the two different types of
evolution examples: - Correct answer-a. they change over generations, for example
the average human height has increased over generations.
b. structural- walrus's develop blubber to withstand cold
c. behavioral- bird's migration patterns have changed over time because of climate
change
What is an example of information transfer within and among organisms:? -
Correct answer-a. within- if you touch something hot then you know to move your
hand.
b. between- trees transfer chemicals through roots to one another underground
Define DNA; What does DNA code for? - Correct answer-a large molecule that
contains heritable information -- codes for proteins (amino acid chains,
polypeptides)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, How many species have been discovered thus far? How many do we think we have
yet to discover? What do we believe most of them are? - Correct answer-a. 1.8
million species have been discovered thus far.
b. 5-50 million species.
c. most undiscovered are believed to be fungi and bacteria.
What is the two part way of naming species called; Describe the rules for writing a
species name by this system: - Correct answer-The two name system for naming
species is called the binomial system of nomenclature Rules: capitalize the first
name, the second is not capitalized; when writing it you underline it; when you
type it you italicize it ; how to write an abbreviation H. sapiens
Who is Carolus Linnaeus? - Correct answer-father of taxonomy, he gave us the
binomial system of nomenclature
What is a species? A closely related group of species is called: - Correct answer-
Species: a group of organisms with similar function and structure that CAN
interbreed; closely related group of species is called a taxon
What is the memory key did king Philip come over for good sex for? - Correct
answer-domain-> kingdom->phylum-> class-> order-> genus-> species
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