NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 – 2025/2026 Updated
Study Guide & Practice Questions | 100% Pass
Guarantee
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - correct answercan use urine, saliva, or serum
(most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99%
accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - correct answerCellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - correct answerCauses vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - correct answerSoluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - correct answerReleased when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - correct answerReleased when mast cells degranulate, are produced
by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury,
pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - correct answerBiochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to
the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - correct answerPredominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
Monocytes - correct answerBecome macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and
B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
, Cytokine IL1 function - correct answerCauses fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - correct answerStimulates production of acute phase reactants
and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - correct answerCauses fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - correct answerPromotes production and maturation of
neutrophils
Complement - correct answerFunctions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and
opsonization.
Kinin - correct answerConverted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - correct answerFactor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin
mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - correct answerProstaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection,
platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - correct answerProstaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - correct answerProtect gastric mucosa- prevent
ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can
impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - correct answerSynthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - correct answerInhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - correct answerBlocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - correct answerInhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - correct answerVasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - correct answerVasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
Study Guide & Practice Questions | 100% Pass
Guarantee
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - correct answercan use urine, saliva, or serum
(most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99%
accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - correct answerCellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - correct answerCauses vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - correct answerSoluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - correct answerReleased when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - correct answerReleased when mast cells degranulate, are produced
by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury,
pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - correct answerBiochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to
the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - correct answerPredominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
Monocytes - correct answerBecome macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and
B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
, Cytokine IL1 function - correct answerCauses fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - correct answerStimulates production of acute phase reactants
and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - correct answerCauses fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - correct answerPromotes production and maturation of
neutrophils
Complement - correct answerFunctions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and
opsonization.
Kinin - correct answerConverted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - correct answerFactor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin
mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - correct answerProstaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection,
platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - correct answerProstaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - correct answerProtect gastric mucosa- prevent
ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can
impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - correct answerSynthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - correct answerInhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - correct answerBlocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - correct answerInhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - correct answerVasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - correct answerVasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
