CDCA LOCAL ANESTHESIA NEWEST
EXAM 2025 REVIEW ORGANIZED
QUESTIONS STEP BY STEP
EXPLANATIONS AND REVIEW GUIDE
AND 100% CORRECT EXPERT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ (LATEST
EDITION!!!!!)
what are the three most common locations for hematomas to
occur? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-1. PSA
2. IA
3. mental
blanching of the tissue following/during an injection is caused
by what? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-vasospasm/vasoconstriction
caused by epinephrine or brushing against autonomic nerves
stimulation vasospasm
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is bordered by what
anatomical structures? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-ramus, lateral
pterygoid muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is identified intra-orally
by what? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-pterygoid hamulus (palpation),
coronoid notch (palpation), and pterygomandibular raphe
(visual)
,the mandibular foramen lies approx.
__________________________ of the distance from the
anterior border of the ramus to the posterior border - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-1/2 to 2/3
Antero-posteriorly, the greater palatine foramen is located
between the ___________________________. - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-middle oft he maxillary second molar and the
middle of the third molar in about 80-90% of patients.
all arteries leading to the oral cavity receive blood from what? -
THE CORRECT ANSWER-external carotid (most are direct or indirect
branches from the maxillary artery with the exception of the
lingula -- this is a direct branch from the external carotid)
veins from the oral cavity will drain into what? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-internal jugular (both internal and external drain into
the brachiocephalic veins which drain to the superior vena cava
do myelinated or un-myelinated nerves create faster impulse? -
THE CORRECT ANSWER-myelinated (impulses jump from node to
node -- node of ranvier)
what is saltatory conduction? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-the process of
nerve impulses jumping from nodes of ranvier along a
myelinated nerve
what is the resting potential charges of a nerve? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-inside is negative and outside is positive
, what molecules are predominately outside/inside at resting
potential? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Na+ outside and K+ inside
what is depolarization? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Na+ channels open ,
Na+ flows in reversing polarity; K+ flows out to restore
neutrality; the Na+ and K+ pumps restore polarity (resting
potential)
what is the mechanism of action for local anesthetics? - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-blocks the Na+ channels preventing
depolarization
what is the basic structure of anesthetics? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
aromatic ring (lipid soluble), intermediate chain (amide or ester
configuration), and terminal amine (able to ionize and become
water soluble)
lipophilic vs. hydrophyllic - THE CORRECT ANSWER-lipophilic is lipid
soluble and hydrophyllic is water soluble
what makes the terminal amine so important to the structure of
local anesthetic? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-this allows the local
anesthetic to the both lipid soluble and water soluble at the
apporpriate times (ex: hydrophyllic for dilution and pH control;
lipophyllic in order to penetrate neuron cell membrane;
hydrophyllic to block Na+ channels)
what is pKa and what does it do? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-the
dissociation constant - this identifies the pH at which the
EXAM 2025 REVIEW ORGANIZED
QUESTIONS STEP BY STEP
EXPLANATIONS AND REVIEW GUIDE
AND 100% CORRECT EXPERT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ (LATEST
EDITION!!!!!)
what are the three most common locations for hematomas to
occur? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-1. PSA
2. IA
3. mental
blanching of the tissue following/during an injection is caused
by what? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-vasospasm/vasoconstriction
caused by epinephrine or brushing against autonomic nerves
stimulation vasospasm
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is bordered by what
anatomical structures? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-ramus, lateral
pterygoid muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is identified intra-orally
by what? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-pterygoid hamulus (palpation),
coronoid notch (palpation), and pterygomandibular raphe
(visual)
,the mandibular foramen lies approx.
__________________________ of the distance from the
anterior border of the ramus to the posterior border - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-1/2 to 2/3
Antero-posteriorly, the greater palatine foramen is located
between the ___________________________. - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-middle oft he maxillary second molar and the
middle of the third molar in about 80-90% of patients.
all arteries leading to the oral cavity receive blood from what? -
THE CORRECT ANSWER-external carotid (most are direct or indirect
branches from the maxillary artery with the exception of the
lingula -- this is a direct branch from the external carotid)
veins from the oral cavity will drain into what? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-internal jugular (both internal and external drain into
the brachiocephalic veins which drain to the superior vena cava
do myelinated or un-myelinated nerves create faster impulse? -
THE CORRECT ANSWER-myelinated (impulses jump from node to
node -- node of ranvier)
what is saltatory conduction? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-the process of
nerve impulses jumping from nodes of ranvier along a
myelinated nerve
what is the resting potential charges of a nerve? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-inside is negative and outside is positive
, what molecules are predominately outside/inside at resting
potential? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Na+ outside and K+ inside
what is depolarization? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Na+ channels open ,
Na+ flows in reversing polarity; K+ flows out to restore
neutrality; the Na+ and K+ pumps restore polarity (resting
potential)
what is the mechanism of action for local anesthetics? - THE
CORRECT ANSWER-blocks the Na+ channels preventing
depolarization
what is the basic structure of anesthetics? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
aromatic ring (lipid soluble), intermediate chain (amide or ester
configuration), and terminal amine (able to ionize and become
water soluble)
lipophilic vs. hydrophyllic - THE CORRECT ANSWER-lipophilic is lipid
soluble and hydrophyllic is water soluble
what makes the terminal amine so important to the structure of
local anesthetic? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-this allows the local
anesthetic to the both lipid soluble and water soluble at the
apporpriate times (ex: hydrophyllic for dilution and pH control;
lipophyllic in order to penetrate neuron cell membrane;
hydrophyllic to block Na+ channels)
what is pKa and what does it do? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-the
dissociation constant - this identifies the pH at which the
