CNUR 305 Unit 5 + Unit 6 (Final Exam
Set)/ Actual Complete Questions and
Verified Answers(A+ Grade)
If the input originates in the brain and goes to the body? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-motor impulses
If the input originates from the body and goes to the brain - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-sensory
impulses
Traumatic SCI's? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Flexion injury
Compression injury
Flexion-rotation injury
Hyperextension injury
Distraction injury
Penetration injury
Non-traumatic SCI's? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Osteoporosis / degenerative bone
Chronic inflammation
Cancers / tumours
Vascular disease-
Ankylosing spondylitis (calcification of spinal soft tissues)
Complete vs. Incomplete SCI? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Complete
,•No neurological transmission past injury
•Therefore, no motor control or sensory input from areas inferior to transection
Incomplete
•Partial neurological transmission
•May affect motor, sensory, or a combo of both
•Therefore, a variable degree to motor and sensory alteration
Inotropes (AKA Vasopressors)? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-•Medications that increase HR, the force
of myocardial contractions, or increase BP
•Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, dobutamine
•Norepi is first-line for sepsis
•Be familiar with these names (know they are inotropes)
•Only to be given in the ICU with continuous vital sign monitoring (including arterial BP
monitoring)
MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome)? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-FAILURE of 2+ organs
•Failure means the organ no longer does what it should
•Homeostatsis is not independently maintained
How does MODS occur? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-•Results from either from a direct injury to the
organ or from SIRS
•Organ failure is from a lack oxygenation
-Hypermetabolism leads to breakdown of muscles, organs not compensating in distress
Clinical presentation of MODS:
•Loss of thermal regulation
, •Coma, Seizures
•Apnea, hypoxia
•Refractory hypotension
•GI Bleeding, ascites, ↑ bilirubin, ↑APTT/INR
•Acute renal failure
•Acidemia
•Cool, clammy, pallor, cyanotic
•Bleeding from puncture sites
•Pancytopenia
•DIC (we'll get to this in a bit)
•Hyperglycemia (cells aren't using glucose)
•Skin breakdown
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-DIC causes clotting and
bleeding at the same time (consumptive coagulopathy)
•Homeostasis is the ability to form and break down clots as needed
1.Systemic (entire body) activation of clotting
•Microclots from in the smallest vessels use up clotting factors
2.At the same time, the body is trying to break down these clots
•The ability to break down clots is also used up
•Thus, homeostasis is lost and DIC manifests as bleeding, petechiae, purpura, and
ischemia from clot formation
DIC Causes? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-•DIC can occur with the sepsis ARROW OF DEATH (30-
50% of cases)
•The further up the ARROW OF DEATH, the more DIC is likely
Set)/ Actual Complete Questions and
Verified Answers(A+ Grade)
If the input originates in the brain and goes to the body? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-motor impulses
If the input originates from the body and goes to the brain - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-sensory
impulses
Traumatic SCI's? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Flexion injury
Compression injury
Flexion-rotation injury
Hyperextension injury
Distraction injury
Penetration injury
Non-traumatic SCI's? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Osteoporosis / degenerative bone
Chronic inflammation
Cancers / tumours
Vascular disease-
Ankylosing spondylitis (calcification of spinal soft tissues)
Complete vs. Incomplete SCI? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Complete
,•No neurological transmission past injury
•Therefore, no motor control or sensory input from areas inferior to transection
Incomplete
•Partial neurological transmission
•May affect motor, sensory, or a combo of both
•Therefore, a variable degree to motor and sensory alteration
Inotropes (AKA Vasopressors)? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-•Medications that increase HR, the force
of myocardial contractions, or increase BP
•Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, dobutamine
•Norepi is first-line for sepsis
•Be familiar with these names (know they are inotropes)
•Only to be given in the ICU with continuous vital sign monitoring (including arterial BP
monitoring)
MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome)? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-FAILURE of 2+ organs
•Failure means the organ no longer does what it should
•Homeostatsis is not independently maintained
How does MODS occur? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-•Results from either from a direct injury to the
organ or from SIRS
•Organ failure is from a lack oxygenation
-Hypermetabolism leads to breakdown of muscles, organs not compensating in distress
Clinical presentation of MODS:
•Loss of thermal regulation
, •Coma, Seizures
•Apnea, hypoxia
•Refractory hypotension
•GI Bleeding, ascites, ↑ bilirubin, ↑APTT/INR
•Acute renal failure
•Acidemia
•Cool, clammy, pallor, cyanotic
•Bleeding from puncture sites
•Pancytopenia
•DIC (we'll get to this in a bit)
•Hyperglycemia (cells aren't using glucose)
•Skin breakdown
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-DIC causes clotting and
bleeding at the same time (consumptive coagulopathy)
•Homeostasis is the ability to form and break down clots as needed
1.Systemic (entire body) activation of clotting
•Microclots from in the smallest vessels use up clotting factors
2.At the same time, the body is trying to break down these clots
•The ability to break down clots is also used up
•Thus, homeostasis is lost and DIC manifests as bleeding, petechiae, purpura, and
ischemia from clot formation
DIC Causes? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-•DIC can occur with the sepsis ARROW OF DEATH (30-
50% of cases)
•The further up the ARROW OF DEATH, the more DIC is likely
