Human Anatomy test questions and
answers graded A+
Cell - ANS✅✅Basic structural and functional unit of the body.
Levels of the body - ANS✅✅Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level,
organism level.
Basic life processes - ANS✅✅A set of processes all organisms must do to live.
Metabolism - ANS✅✅Sum total of all chemical reactions in the body. A "basic life process."
Anabolism - ANS✅✅The phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into the
complex materials of living tissue. Building upward.
Catabolism - ANS✅✅The process of breaking things down.
Responsiveness - ANS✅✅React to a stimulus/change in environment. A "basic life process."
Growth/maturation - ANS✅✅An increase in size and in chance of survival. We must get smarter,
learn what is helpful and harmful. A "basic life process."
Movement - ANS✅✅Locomotion, transportation. Can include the pulsing of the heart, blood
flowing, air moving in and out of lungs... A "basic life process."
Differentiation - ANS✅✅Starts in the womb; cells change shape and function to form skin, organs,
etc. (Ex. We start as one cell, a fertilized egg, then grow to trillions of cells.) Cells are replaced and
formed. A "basic life process."
Reproduction - ANS✅✅Form one: reproduction of cells. Form two: reproduction of organisms (i.e.
kids). A "basic life process."
Homeostasis - ANS✅✅Maintaining a constant and optimal internal environment.
, Internal environment - ANS✅✅Body fluids.
Feedback loops/circuit - ANS✅✅Mechanism used to detect when something in the environment
changes.
Negative feedback loop/circuit - ANS✅✅The body's response is in direct opposition to the
stimulus. (Ex. Stimulus causes rise in blood pressure, negative feedback circuit makes it go back
down.)
Positive feedback loop/circuit - ANS✅✅The body's response adds to the stimulus, makes it
stronger. (Two primary examples are birth and clotting.)
Physical characteristics of a fluid - ANS✅✅Volume, color, pressure.
Chemical characteristics of a fluid - ANS✅✅How much sodium, etc.
Parts of a feedback loop/circuit - ANS✅✅1. Receptor, detects stimulus; 2. Control center, performs
basic analysis and communicates with receptor; 3. Effector, carries out correction, communicates
with the brain. (Ex. There's a sudden change in temperature, so the brain, unable to do anything
directly, alerts sweat glands.)
Sagittal plane - ANS✅✅A directional term used for the body, drawn vertically down the center.
Cuts body into left and right. Also known as "midline."
Transverse plane - ANS✅✅A directional term used for the body, drawn horizontally. Cuts body
into lower and upper sections.
Frontal plane - ANS✅✅A directional term used for the body, cuts into front and back portion.
Superior - ANS✅✅Upward.
Inferior - ANS✅✅Downward.
answers graded A+
Cell - ANS✅✅Basic structural and functional unit of the body.
Levels of the body - ANS✅✅Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level,
organism level.
Basic life processes - ANS✅✅A set of processes all organisms must do to live.
Metabolism - ANS✅✅Sum total of all chemical reactions in the body. A "basic life process."
Anabolism - ANS✅✅The phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into the
complex materials of living tissue. Building upward.
Catabolism - ANS✅✅The process of breaking things down.
Responsiveness - ANS✅✅React to a stimulus/change in environment. A "basic life process."
Growth/maturation - ANS✅✅An increase in size and in chance of survival. We must get smarter,
learn what is helpful and harmful. A "basic life process."
Movement - ANS✅✅Locomotion, transportation. Can include the pulsing of the heart, blood
flowing, air moving in and out of lungs... A "basic life process."
Differentiation - ANS✅✅Starts in the womb; cells change shape and function to form skin, organs,
etc. (Ex. We start as one cell, a fertilized egg, then grow to trillions of cells.) Cells are replaced and
formed. A "basic life process."
Reproduction - ANS✅✅Form one: reproduction of cells. Form two: reproduction of organisms (i.e.
kids). A "basic life process."
Homeostasis - ANS✅✅Maintaining a constant and optimal internal environment.
, Internal environment - ANS✅✅Body fluids.
Feedback loops/circuit - ANS✅✅Mechanism used to detect when something in the environment
changes.
Negative feedback loop/circuit - ANS✅✅The body's response is in direct opposition to the
stimulus. (Ex. Stimulus causes rise in blood pressure, negative feedback circuit makes it go back
down.)
Positive feedback loop/circuit - ANS✅✅The body's response adds to the stimulus, makes it
stronger. (Two primary examples are birth and clotting.)
Physical characteristics of a fluid - ANS✅✅Volume, color, pressure.
Chemical characteristics of a fluid - ANS✅✅How much sodium, etc.
Parts of a feedback loop/circuit - ANS✅✅1. Receptor, detects stimulus; 2. Control center, performs
basic analysis and communicates with receptor; 3. Effector, carries out correction, communicates
with the brain. (Ex. There's a sudden change in temperature, so the brain, unable to do anything
directly, alerts sweat glands.)
Sagittal plane - ANS✅✅A directional term used for the body, drawn vertically down the center.
Cuts body into left and right. Also known as "midline."
Transverse plane - ANS✅✅A directional term used for the body, drawn horizontally. Cuts body
into lower and upper sections.
Frontal plane - ANS✅✅A directional term used for the body, cuts into front and back portion.
Superior - ANS✅✅Upward.
Inferior - ANS✅✅Downward.
