Human Anatomy test questions and
answers graded A+
Epithelial tissue - ANS✅✅tissue: cells are avascular (closely packed together, little or no
intercellular material between adjacent cells); major roles include secretion, absorption, protection,
and synthesizing hormones; covers external body surfaces and lines inner walls of cavities and
organs; has basement membrane (attachment) and free surface (exposed side); classified by shape
and layer
squamous - ANS✅✅epithelium: flat
cuboidal - ANS✅✅epithelium: cube-shaped
columnar - ANS✅✅epithelium: greater in height than width
simple - ANS✅✅epithelium: single layer
stratified - ANS✅✅epithelium: multiple layers
simple squamous - ANS✅✅epithelium: singer layer of flat cells; lines inside wall of blood vessels,
forms walls of capillaries and lung air sacs - absorption by diffusion, filtration, osmosis; secretion
simple cuboidal - ANS✅✅epithelium: single layer of cube-shaped cells; forms walls of ducts in skin
glands and kidney tubules - secretion, absorption
simple columnar - ANS✅✅epithelium: single layer of column-shaped cells; lines inside walls of
stomach and intestines - protection, secretion, absorption, moving of mucus w/ cilia
stratified squamous - ANS✅✅epithelium: multiple layers of cells, with cells along free edge
flattened in shape; superficial layer of the skin, mouth, and throat (friction) - protection
pseudostratified columnar - ANS✅✅epithelium: single layer of irregularly shaped cells that appear
multi-layered, often with cilia; lines inside walls of larynx, trachea, and bronchi - protection
, transitional - ANS✅✅epithelium: multiple layers of spherical or irregularly shaped cells; lines inside
walls of urinary bladder and ureter - permits stretching
glandular - ANS✅✅epithelium: specialized epithelium that manufacture and secrete products
exocrine glands - ANS✅✅glands that empty products into ducts. the ducts transport products to
the body surface or into a cavity. (salivary glands, oil glands in skin, sweat glands)
endocrine glands - ANS✅✅glands that secrete products into the extracellular space, where the
products diffuse into the bloodstream. (pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands)
connective tissue - ANS✅✅tissue: cells are vascular (widely scattered with large amounts of
nonliving intercellular material); contains ground substance (protein-sugar molecules and protein
fibers); functions include supporting body structures and gluing tissues and organs in place; contains
two types of cells: one maintains intercellular material and one protects tissue from infections; has
great capacity for growth and repair
collagenous fibers - ANS✅✅type of protein fiber in connective tissue; thick, wavelike strands;
resists stretching; has great tensile strength; composed of most abundant protein in the body (found
in tendons, scar tissue)
elastic fibers - ANS✅✅type of protein fiber in connective tissue; elasticity (ability to stretch) and
extensibility (ability to return to original shape); found in skin
reticular fibers - ANS✅✅type of protein fiber in connective tissue; resists physical stress; least
abundant of all the fibers
areolar tissue - ANS✅✅loose connective tissue; most common connective tissue; all 3 protein
fibers present in a fluid ground substance; has fibroblasts (cells that produce fibers and ground
substance) and macrophages (white blood cells); functions include being a structural anchor to body
parts; found between skin and muscles, surface of organs, filling spaces between organs
adipose tissue - ANS✅✅loose connective tissue; has adipocytes (specialized fibroblasts that
contain large deposits of fat); has minimal intercellular material; functions include storing energy as
fat, being an insulating pad between organs, being a shock absorber
answers graded A+
Epithelial tissue - ANS✅✅tissue: cells are avascular (closely packed together, little or no
intercellular material between adjacent cells); major roles include secretion, absorption, protection,
and synthesizing hormones; covers external body surfaces and lines inner walls of cavities and
organs; has basement membrane (attachment) and free surface (exposed side); classified by shape
and layer
squamous - ANS✅✅epithelium: flat
cuboidal - ANS✅✅epithelium: cube-shaped
columnar - ANS✅✅epithelium: greater in height than width
simple - ANS✅✅epithelium: single layer
stratified - ANS✅✅epithelium: multiple layers
simple squamous - ANS✅✅epithelium: singer layer of flat cells; lines inside wall of blood vessels,
forms walls of capillaries and lung air sacs - absorption by diffusion, filtration, osmosis; secretion
simple cuboidal - ANS✅✅epithelium: single layer of cube-shaped cells; forms walls of ducts in skin
glands and kidney tubules - secretion, absorption
simple columnar - ANS✅✅epithelium: single layer of column-shaped cells; lines inside walls of
stomach and intestines - protection, secretion, absorption, moving of mucus w/ cilia
stratified squamous - ANS✅✅epithelium: multiple layers of cells, with cells along free edge
flattened in shape; superficial layer of the skin, mouth, and throat (friction) - protection
pseudostratified columnar - ANS✅✅epithelium: single layer of irregularly shaped cells that appear
multi-layered, often with cilia; lines inside walls of larynx, trachea, and bronchi - protection
, transitional - ANS✅✅epithelium: multiple layers of spherical or irregularly shaped cells; lines inside
walls of urinary bladder and ureter - permits stretching
glandular - ANS✅✅epithelium: specialized epithelium that manufacture and secrete products
exocrine glands - ANS✅✅glands that empty products into ducts. the ducts transport products to
the body surface or into a cavity. (salivary glands, oil glands in skin, sweat glands)
endocrine glands - ANS✅✅glands that secrete products into the extracellular space, where the
products diffuse into the bloodstream. (pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands)
connective tissue - ANS✅✅tissue: cells are vascular (widely scattered with large amounts of
nonliving intercellular material); contains ground substance (protein-sugar molecules and protein
fibers); functions include supporting body structures and gluing tissues and organs in place; contains
two types of cells: one maintains intercellular material and one protects tissue from infections; has
great capacity for growth and repair
collagenous fibers - ANS✅✅type of protein fiber in connective tissue; thick, wavelike strands;
resists stretching; has great tensile strength; composed of most abundant protein in the body (found
in tendons, scar tissue)
elastic fibers - ANS✅✅type of protein fiber in connective tissue; elasticity (ability to stretch) and
extensibility (ability to return to original shape); found in skin
reticular fibers - ANS✅✅type of protein fiber in connective tissue; resists physical stress; least
abundant of all the fibers
areolar tissue - ANS✅✅loose connective tissue; most common connective tissue; all 3 protein
fibers present in a fluid ground substance; has fibroblasts (cells that produce fibers and ground
substance) and macrophages (white blood cells); functions include being a structural anchor to body
parts; found between skin and muscles, surface of organs, filling spaces between organs
adipose tissue - ANS✅✅loose connective tissue; has adipocytes (specialized fibroblasts that
contain large deposits of fat); has minimal intercellular material; functions include storing energy as
fat, being an insulating pad between organs, being a shock absorber
