Human anatomy exam questions and answers graded A+

Human anatomy exam questions and
answers graded A+
Anatomy - ANS✅✅the study of the structure of the body



Physiology - ANS✅✅the study of the function of the body



Chemical level - ANS✅✅represents the atoms and molecules that make up cells (Consists of
Atomic level and molecular level)



Cellular level - ANS✅✅represents the basic unit of all living things



Tissue level - ANS✅✅a group of cells with similar or common function



Organ level - ANS✅✅a group of tissues with similar or common function



Organ system level - ANS✅✅a group of organs with similar or common function



Organismic level - ANS✅✅the entire body consisting of the various organ systems.



Integumentary System - ANS✅✅controls body temperature & protects body from environmental
hazards



Skeletal System - ANS✅✅supports body, protects soft body parts, stores minerals, forms blood
cells



Muscular System - ANS✅✅movement, support and produces heat



Nervous System - ANS✅✅controls immediate responses to stimuli



Endocrine System - ANS✅✅controls long-term responses in body

,Cardiovascular System - ANS✅✅internal transport of nutrients, wastes, oxygen, carbon dioxide
and cells



Lymphatic & Immune Systems - ANS✅✅defense, immunity and returns lost fluids to
cardiovascular system



Respiratory System - ANS✅✅exchange of air and delivery of blood gases to/from tissues



Digestive System - ANS✅✅ingestion, breakdown and absorption of food & elimination of
indigestible wastes



Urinary System - ANS✅✅filtration of blood to maintain proper water and salt balance and to
eliminate waste products



Reproductive System - ANS✅✅produces sex cells and hormones related to reproduction



homeostasis - ANS✅✅condition in which body's internal environment remains within certain
narrow physiological limits



homeostatic regulation - ANS✅✅adjustment of physiological system to maintain homeostasis



receptor - ANS✅✅monitors change in controlled condition (stimulus) and sends input to control
center



control (integration) center - ANS✅✅receives input from receptor & determines appropriate
response



effector - ANS✅✅cell or organ that receives information (output) from control center and
produces a response (effect)



interactions of a feedback system - ANS✅✅stimulus -> receptor -> input (afferent pathway) ->
control center -> output (efferent pathway) -> response

,positive feedback - ANS✅✅the response by the effector to the initial change is to further
exaggerate the change. Example in labor contractions, the contraction of the uterus forces the baby
towards the birth canal, which



places pressure on the cervix; the pressure of the baby against the cervix causes uterine contraction,
etc. - ANS✅✅...



Negative feedback - ANS✅✅the response by the effector to the initial change is to counter or
reduce that change, thus bringing the system back to its "normal" state. Example When blood sugar
level rises, the pancreas secretes



insulin which causes the cells of the body to take in glucose, thus removing glucose from the blood
and lowering blood sugar level. - ANS✅✅...



Anatomical position - ANS✅✅patient is erect, feet apart and palms facing anteriorly Cephalic =
head



Cranial - ANS✅✅upper portion of head surrounding brain



Facial - ANS✅✅face



cervical - ANS✅✅neck



thoracic - ANS✅✅chest



axillary - ANS✅✅armpit



acromial - ANS✅✅point of shoulder



deltoid - ANS✅✅fleshy portion of shoulder



brachial - ANS✅✅upper arm

, antebrachial - ANS✅✅forearm



antecubital - ANS✅✅front of elbow



carpal - ANS✅✅wrist



manual - ANS✅✅hand



digital (phalangeal) - ANS✅✅fingers or toes



abdominal - ANS✅✅region of trunk between diaphragm and pelvis



dorsal - ANS✅✅back



lumbar - ANS✅✅lower back



olecranol - ANS✅✅back of elbow



pelvic - ANS✅✅pelvis



pubic - ANS✅✅anterior pelvis



inguinal - ANS✅✅junction of trunk and thighs (groin)



gluteal - ANS✅✅buttocks



femoral - ANS✅✅thigh



patellar - ANS✅✅front of knee



popliteal - ANS✅✅back of knee