WJEC Criminology Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

WJEC Criminology Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Containment - ANSWER A version of the control theory that attempts to explain ways people are trained to be law abiding by using both internal and external methods of control. Patriarchy - ANSWER The result of societal expectations that control women's behavior. Class deal - ANSWER The agreement that working-class women would work harder in exchange for pay. Gender deal - ANSWER The expectation that women should do domestic labor and provide love and companionship to their husbands in exchange for love. Judge - ANSWER unlimited powers, restricted by the sentence the offence carries, e.g. no more than 7 years for theft. Magistrate - ANSWER limited powers. Retribution - ANSWER closest to revenge, measured in terms of fairness and proportionality, the more serious the offence the harsher the punishment. Rehabilitation - ANSWER main aim is to reform the offender's behavior, solve the problem, and prevent it happening again by fixing it at the root cause, rather than punishing them. Deterrence - ANSWER the process of preventing crime by making an example through the use of punishment. Public protection - ANSWER punishment must serve a purpose that benefits society, for example to protect the public. Reparation - ANSWER about compensating the victim for their offence. Denunciation - ANSWER public shaming to set an example. Incapacitation - ANSWER the process of limiting an offender to prevent them committing a similar offence. General deterrence - ANSWER works by using punishments such as prison sentences to stop people committing crime so they don't have to face the punishment. Individual deterrence - ANSWER uses punishments to make sure the offender doesn't do it again. Reparation - ANSWER making amends for harm done to the victim or community. Retribution - ANSWER punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. Deterrence - ANSWER discouraging someone from committing a criminal act through the fear of punishment. Public Protection - ANSWER protecting society by removing dangerous individuals from the community. Rehabilitation - ANSWER helping offenders to become law-abiding citizens through education, therapy, and other programs. Indeterminate Sentence - ANSWER a prison sentence with a minimum time to be served before release, decided by a parole board. Determinate Sentence - ANSWER a fixed prison sentence with a specific length of time to be served. Suspended Sentence - ANSWER a prison sentence that is postponed, allowing the offender to remain free as long as they meet certain requirements. Life Sentence - ANSWER an indefinite prison sentence typically given for serious offenses, with the possibility of release determined by a parole board. Retributive - ANSWER a punishment that is intended to make an offender suffer as a form of vengeance. Deterrent - ANSWER a punishment that is intended to discourage someone from committing a criminal act. Incapacitation - ANSWER preventing an offender from committing further crimes by being separated from society. Restorative Justice - ANSWER a form of justice that focuses on repairing harm done to the victim and the community by the offender. PAYE Employment - ANSWER employment with regular wages and taxes deducted at source. Police - ANSWER The aim of the police is to reduce crime and maintain law and order. They protect property, life and preserve peace. They are funded by the government and have the power of arrest, detention, search and interview. CPS - ANSWER The CPS is a government-funded body that prosecutes criminal offences. It aims to be fair, independent, honest and respectful. It consists of geographical areas across England and Wales. Judiciary - ANSWER The judiciary manages a trial making sure it's fair and within protocol. Judges take two oaths and make decisions within the trial. Prison Service - ANSWER The prison service detains those sentenced to prison and helps rehabilitate inmates. Prisons are funded through taxation and are divided into 4 categories. Probation Service - ANSWER The NPS supervises the release of high-risk offenders into the community, supporting their rehabilitation while protecting the public. They work in partnership with 21 community rehabilitation companies including the courts, police and private partners. Charities - ANSWER Charities are non-profit organisations. ASBOs - ANSWER Anti Social Behaviour Order (ASBOs) were introduced in 1998 to limit and correct low level anti-social behaviour. CBOs - ANSWER Criminal Behaviour Orders (CBOs) were put in place to take over from ASBOs under the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014. A breach of this however could result in up to a 5 year sentence. Token Economies - ANSWER They are based on the phsyoclogical concept of behaviour modification. The instituational management gives rewards for positive behaviour, such as extra visiting time in prisons. Prisons - ANSWER Prisons impose rules to keep control and prevent further crime from occuring.