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SOLUTIONS MANUAL for Data Mining; Concepts & Techniques 4th Edition by Jiawei Han

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL for Data Mining; Concepts & Techniques 4th Edition by Jiawei Han SOLUTIONS MANUAL for Data Mining; Concepts & Techniques 4th Edition by Jiawei Han SOLUTIONS MANUAL for Data Mining; Concepts & Techniques 4th Edition by Jiawei Han SOLUTIONS MANUAL for Data Mining; Concepts & Techniques 4th Edition by Jiawei Han SOLUTIONS MANUAL for Data Mining; Concepts & Techniques 4th Edition by Jiawei Han

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Data Mining; Concepts & Techn
Course
Data Mining; Concepts & Techn

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Uploaded on
November 10, 2025
Number of pages
134
Written in
2025/2026
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Exam (elaborations)
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AllChaptersCovered
y y




SOLUTIONMANUAL
y

,Contents

1 Introduction 3
1.11 Exercises ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
y




2 Data Preprocessing
y 13
2.8 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................. 13

3 Data Warehouse and OLAP Technology: An Overview
y y y y y y 31
3.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................. 31

4 Data Cube Computation and Data Generalization
y y y y y 41
4.5 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................. 41

5 Mining Frequent Patterns, Associations, and Correlations
y y y y y 53
5.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................. 53

6 Classification and Prediction y y 69
6.17 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................. 69
y




7 Cluster Analysis y 79
7.13 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................. 79
y




8 Mining Stream, Time-Series, and Sequence Data
y y y y y 91
8.6 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................. 91

9 Graph Mining, Social Network Analysis, and Multirelational Data Mining
y y y y y y y y 103
9.5 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................103

10 Mining Object, Spatial, Multimedia, Text, and Web Data
y y y y y y y 111
10.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................111

11 Applications and Trends in Data Mining
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11.7 Exercises .............................................................................................................................................................123


1

,Chapter 1 y




Introduction

1.11 Exercises
1.1. What is data mining? In your answer, address the following:
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(a) Is it another hype?
y y y




(b) Is it a simple transformation of technology developed from databases, statistics, and machine learning?
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(c) Explain how the evolution of database technology led to data mining.
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(d) Describe the steps involved in data mining when viewed as a process of knowledge discovery.
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Answer:
Data mining refers to the process or method that extracts or “mines” interesting knowledge or
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patterns from large amounts of data.
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(a) Is it another hype?
y y y




Data mining is not another hype. Instead, the need for data mining has arisen due to the wide availability of
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huge amounts of data and the imminent need for turning such data into useful information and knowledge.
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yThus, data mining can be viewed as the result of the natural evolution of information technology.
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(b) Is it a simple transformation of technology developed from databases, statistics, and machine learning?
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No. Data mining is more than a simple transformation of technology developed from databases, sta-
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tistics, and machine learning. Instead, data mining involves an integration, rather than a
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ysimple
transformation, of techniques from multiple disciplines such as database technology, statistics, ma- y y y y y y y y y y y




chine learning, high-performance computing, pattern recognition, neural networks, data visualization,
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information retrieval, image and signal processing, and spatial data analysis.
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(c) Explain how the evolution of database technology led to data mining.
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Database technology began with the development of data collection and database creation mechanisms
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that led to the development of effective mechanisms for data management including data storage and
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retrieval, and query and transaction processing. The large number of database systems offering query and
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transaction processing eventually and naturally led to the need for data analysis and understanding. Hence,
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data mining began its development out of this necessity.
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(d) Describe the steps involved in data mining when viewed as a process of knowledge discovery.
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The steps involved in data mining when viewed as a process of knowledge discovery are as follows:
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• Data cleaning, a process that removes or transforms noise and inconsistent data
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• Data integration, where multiple data sources may be combined y y y y y y y y




3

, 4 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION y y y




• Data selection, where data relevant to the analysis task are retrieved from the database
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• Data transformation, where data are transformed or consolidated into forms appropriate for
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mining y




• Data mining, an essential process where intelligent and efficient methods are applied in order to
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extract patterns y y




• Pattern evaluation, a process that identifies the truly interesting patterns representing
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knowl- edge based on some interestingness measures
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• Knowledge presentation, where visualization and knowledge representation techniques are used y y y y y y y y y




to present the mined knowledge to the user
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1.2. Present an example where data mining is crucial to the success of a business. What data mining functions does
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ythis business need? Can they be performed alternatively by data query processing or simple statistical analysis?
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Answer:
A department store, for example, can use data mining to assist with its target marketing mail campaign. Using
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data mining functions such as association, the store can use the mined strong association rules to determine
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which products bought by one group of customers are likely to lead to the buying of certain other products.
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yWith this information, the store can then mail marketing materials only to those kinds of customers who
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exhibit a high likelihood of purchasing additional products. Data query processing is used for data or
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information retrieval and does not have the means for finding association rules. Similarly, simple statistical
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analysis cannot handle large amounts of data such as those of customer records in a department store.
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1.3. Suppose your task as a software engineer at Big-University is to design a data mining system to examine their
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yuniversity course database, which contains the following information: the name, address, and status (e.g.,
y y y y y y y y y y y y y




yundergraduate or graduate) of each student, the courses taken, and their cumulative grade point average
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y




y(GPA). Describe the architecture you would choose. What is the purpose of each component of this
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yarchitecture?
Answer:
A data mining architecture that can be used for this application would consist of the following major
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components:
y




• A database, data warehouse, or other information repository, which consists of the set of databases,
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data warehouses, spreadsheets, or other kinds of information repositories containing the student and
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course information.
y y




• A database or data warehouse server, which fetches the relevant data based on the users’ data mining
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y




requests.
y




• A knowledge base that contains the domain knowledge used to guide the search or to evaluate the
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interestingness of resulting patterns. For example, the knowledge base may contain concept hierarchies
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and metadata (e.g., describing data from multiple heterogeneous sources).
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• A data mining engine, which consists of a set of functional modules for tasks such as classification,
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association, classification, cluster analysis, and evolution and deviation analysis.
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• A pattern evaluation module that works in tandem with the data mining modules by employing
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interestingness measures to help focus the search towards interesting patterns.
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• A graphical user interface that provides the user with an interactive approach to the data mining
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system.
y
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