Exam 3 PSYC 230 UIUC UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
object agnosia - CORRECT ANSWER -Inability to recognize objects using only vision.
top-down processing - CORRECT ANSWER -a process whereby our existing knowledge
of objects influences how we perceive them
bottom-up processing - CORRECT ANSWER -a process whereby physical stimuli
influence how we perceive them
recognition - CORRECT ANSWER -the ability to match a presented item with an item in
memory
representation - CORRECT ANSWER -the storage and/or reconstruction of information in
memory when that information is not in use
perceptual organization - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which multiple objects in
the environment are grouped, allowing us to identify multiple objects in complex scenes
grouping - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which elements in a figure are brought
together into a common unit or object
Segregation - CORRECT ANSWER -the process of distinguishing two objects as being
distinct or discrete
figure-ground organization - CORRECT ANSWER -the experience viewers have as to
which part of an image is in front and which part of an image is in the background of a particular
scene
,Gestalt Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER -In terms of vision, gestalt argues that what
we see is greater than its individual parts. That is, the process of perception are designed to see
the scene rather that bits of light here and there. Stimuli were sufficiently rich in structure to
allow the perceptual system to extract meaning directly from the stimuli rather than building it
up from an image of thought. The whole is different from the sum of its parts.
How symmetry and convexity affect figure-ground organization - CORRECT ANSWER -
Symmetry:
images that are more likely to be seen as figure and therefore in the foreground, whereas less
symmetrical images are more likely to be perceived as background
Convexity:
Images with convex borders are more likely to be seen as figure, whereas those with concave
borders are more likely to be seen as ground. (stevens and brookes 1988)
law of good continuation - CORRECT ANSWER -grouping law stating that edges that are
smooth are more likely to be seen as continuous than edges that have abrupt or sharp angles
law of proximity - CORRECT ANSWER -grouping law stating that elements that are
close together tend to be perceived as a unified group
law of similarity - CORRECT ANSWER -grouping law stating that elements that are
similar to one another tend to be perceived as a unified group
Law of Symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER -grouping law stating that elements that are
symmetrical to each other tend be be perceived as a unified group
perceptual interpolation - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which the visual system
fills in hidden edges and surfaces in order to represent the entirety of a partially visible object
edge completion - CORRECT ANSWER -the perception of a physically absent but
inferred edge, allowing us to complete the perception of a partially hidden object
, illusory contours - CORRECT ANSWER -perceptual edges that exist because of edge
completion but are not actually physically present
recognition by components - CORRECT ANSWER -a theory stating that object
recognition occurs by representing each object as a combination of basic units (geons) that make
up that object; we recognize an object by the relation of its geons
Geons - CORRECT ANSWER -the basic units of objects, consisting of simple shapes such
as cylinders and pyramids
viewpoint invariance - CORRECT ANSWER -the perception that an object does not
change when an observer sees the object from a new vantage point
template theories - CORRECT ANSWER -theories of pattern recognition which assert that
there is a mental representation for each of the patterns to be recognized
Area V4 - CORRECT ANSWER -an area of the brain involved in both color vision and
shape perception
inferotemporal area - CORRECT ANSWER -the area of the temporal lobe involved in
object perception; it receives input from V4 and other areas in the occipital lobe
fusiform face area - CORRECT ANSWER -an area in the inferotemporal area of the
temporal lobe that specializes in recognizing familiar faces; located in the ventral surface of the
temporal lobe
occipital face area - CORRECT ANSWER -an area of the brain in the occipital lobe,
associated with recognizing faces as distinct from other objects; located in the extrastriate cortex
and is strongly connected to the FFA
Prosopagnosia - CORRECT ANSWER -inability to recognize faces but other forms of
visual object recognition are relatively intact. For example, a person with prosopagnosia will
Questions and CORRECT Answers
object agnosia - CORRECT ANSWER -Inability to recognize objects using only vision.
top-down processing - CORRECT ANSWER -a process whereby our existing knowledge
of objects influences how we perceive them
bottom-up processing - CORRECT ANSWER -a process whereby physical stimuli
influence how we perceive them
recognition - CORRECT ANSWER -the ability to match a presented item with an item in
memory
representation - CORRECT ANSWER -the storage and/or reconstruction of information in
memory when that information is not in use
perceptual organization - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which multiple objects in
the environment are grouped, allowing us to identify multiple objects in complex scenes
grouping - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which elements in a figure are brought
together into a common unit or object
Segregation - CORRECT ANSWER -the process of distinguishing two objects as being
distinct or discrete
figure-ground organization - CORRECT ANSWER -the experience viewers have as to
which part of an image is in front and which part of an image is in the background of a particular
scene
,Gestalt Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER -In terms of vision, gestalt argues that what
we see is greater than its individual parts. That is, the process of perception are designed to see
the scene rather that bits of light here and there. Stimuli were sufficiently rich in structure to
allow the perceptual system to extract meaning directly from the stimuli rather than building it
up from an image of thought. The whole is different from the sum of its parts.
How symmetry and convexity affect figure-ground organization - CORRECT ANSWER -
Symmetry:
images that are more likely to be seen as figure and therefore in the foreground, whereas less
symmetrical images are more likely to be perceived as background
Convexity:
Images with convex borders are more likely to be seen as figure, whereas those with concave
borders are more likely to be seen as ground. (stevens and brookes 1988)
law of good continuation - CORRECT ANSWER -grouping law stating that edges that are
smooth are more likely to be seen as continuous than edges that have abrupt or sharp angles
law of proximity - CORRECT ANSWER -grouping law stating that elements that are
close together tend to be perceived as a unified group
law of similarity - CORRECT ANSWER -grouping law stating that elements that are
similar to one another tend to be perceived as a unified group
Law of Symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER -grouping law stating that elements that are
symmetrical to each other tend be be perceived as a unified group
perceptual interpolation - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which the visual system
fills in hidden edges and surfaces in order to represent the entirety of a partially visible object
edge completion - CORRECT ANSWER -the perception of a physically absent but
inferred edge, allowing us to complete the perception of a partially hidden object
, illusory contours - CORRECT ANSWER -perceptual edges that exist because of edge
completion but are not actually physically present
recognition by components - CORRECT ANSWER -a theory stating that object
recognition occurs by representing each object as a combination of basic units (geons) that make
up that object; we recognize an object by the relation of its geons
Geons - CORRECT ANSWER -the basic units of objects, consisting of simple shapes such
as cylinders and pyramids
viewpoint invariance - CORRECT ANSWER -the perception that an object does not
change when an observer sees the object from a new vantage point
template theories - CORRECT ANSWER -theories of pattern recognition which assert that
there is a mental representation for each of the patterns to be recognized
Area V4 - CORRECT ANSWER -an area of the brain involved in both color vision and
shape perception
inferotemporal area - CORRECT ANSWER -the area of the temporal lobe involved in
object perception; it receives input from V4 and other areas in the occipital lobe
fusiform face area - CORRECT ANSWER -an area in the inferotemporal area of the
temporal lobe that specializes in recognizing familiar faces; located in the ventral surface of the
temporal lobe
occipital face area - CORRECT ANSWER -an area of the brain in the occipital lobe,
associated with recognizing faces as distinct from other objects; located in the extrastriate cortex
and is strongly connected to the FFA
Prosopagnosia - CORRECT ANSWER -inability to recognize faces but other forms of
visual object recognition are relatively intact. For example, a person with prosopagnosia will
