PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE: AN
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL MEDICINE
8TH EDITION
AUTHOR(S)GARY D. HAMMER; STEPHEN J.
MCPHEE
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction — Disease as Disordered Physiology
Question Stem
A 62-year-old patient has progressive dyspnea and ankle
edema. You are teaching a new nurse how the book frames
disease for clinical reasoning. Which statement best reflects the
book’s core concept for approaching patient signs and
symptoms?
Options
A. Treat the symptom first; pathophysiology is secondary.
B. Signs/symptoms should be interpreted as manifestations of
underlying physiologic derangements.
,C. Memorize disease lists; matching symptoms to lists is the
primary diagnostic method.
D. Laboratory values are the only reliable indicators of disease.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Hammer & McPhee emphasize that disease
should be understood as disordered physiology —
interpret signs and symptoms by tracing underlying
physiologic mechanisms.
• A: Incorrect — symptomatic treatment is important but
the text stresses understanding mechanisms to guide
diagnosis and therapy.
• C: Incorrect — rote memorization is discouraged; clinical
reasoning from pathophysiology is emphasized.
• D: Incorrect — labs are important but must be integrated
with clinical physiology and history.
Teaching Point
Think “signs = clues” to disturbed physiology guiding diagnosis
and treatment.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Hammer & McPhee (2018). Pathophysiology of Disease (8th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference
Ch. 2 — Genetic Disease — Terminology and Principles
Question Stem
A couple asks about the chance of having another child with an
autosomal recessive metabolic disorder after one affected child.
Which genetic concept from the chapter most directly predicts
recurrence risk?
Options
A. Variable expressivity
B. Penetrance
C. Mendelian autosomal recessive inheritance (25% recurrence)
D. Mitochondrial maternal inheritance
Correct Answer
C
Rationales
• Correct (C): The chapter explains Mendelian autosomal
recessive inheritance predicts ~25% recurrence when both
parents are carriers.
• A: Incorrect — expressivity affects severity, not recurrence
probability.
• B: Incorrect — penetrance refers to proportion expressing
phenotype given genotype, not the Mendelian recurrence
ratio.
, • D: Incorrect — mitochondrial inheritance transmits
maternally and does not follow autosomal recessive ratios.
Teaching Point
Autosomal recessive conditions: carrier parents → ≈25%
affected per pregnancy.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Hammer & McPhee (2018). Pathophysiology of Disease (8th
Ed.). Ch. 2.
3
Reference
Ch. 2 — Genetic Disease — Types of Pathogenic Variants
Question Stem
A patient has a pathogenic single-base substitution that creates
a premature stop codon in a structural protein gene. Which
mutation type and primary molecular consequence best match
this description?
Options
A. Missense mutation → amino acid substitution with preserved
length
B. Nonsense mutation → truncated protein, often loss of
function
C. Silent mutation → no amino acid change, no effect
D. Frameshift mutation → single amino acid replaced, no
truncation
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL MEDICINE
8TH EDITION
AUTHOR(S)GARY D. HAMMER; STEPHEN J.
MCPHEE
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction — Disease as Disordered Physiology
Question Stem
A 62-year-old patient has progressive dyspnea and ankle
edema. You are teaching a new nurse how the book frames
disease for clinical reasoning. Which statement best reflects the
book’s core concept for approaching patient signs and
symptoms?
Options
A. Treat the symptom first; pathophysiology is secondary.
B. Signs/symptoms should be interpreted as manifestations of
underlying physiologic derangements.
,C. Memorize disease lists; matching symptoms to lists is the
primary diagnostic method.
D. Laboratory values are the only reliable indicators of disease.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Hammer & McPhee emphasize that disease
should be understood as disordered physiology —
interpret signs and symptoms by tracing underlying
physiologic mechanisms.
• A: Incorrect — symptomatic treatment is important but
the text stresses understanding mechanisms to guide
diagnosis and therapy.
• C: Incorrect — rote memorization is discouraged; clinical
reasoning from pathophysiology is emphasized.
• D: Incorrect — labs are important but must be integrated
with clinical physiology and history.
Teaching Point
Think “signs = clues” to disturbed physiology guiding diagnosis
and treatment.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Hammer & McPhee (2018). Pathophysiology of Disease (8th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference
Ch. 2 — Genetic Disease — Terminology and Principles
Question Stem
A couple asks about the chance of having another child with an
autosomal recessive metabolic disorder after one affected child.
Which genetic concept from the chapter most directly predicts
recurrence risk?
Options
A. Variable expressivity
B. Penetrance
C. Mendelian autosomal recessive inheritance (25% recurrence)
D. Mitochondrial maternal inheritance
Correct Answer
C
Rationales
• Correct (C): The chapter explains Mendelian autosomal
recessive inheritance predicts ~25% recurrence when both
parents are carriers.
• A: Incorrect — expressivity affects severity, not recurrence
probability.
• B: Incorrect — penetrance refers to proportion expressing
phenotype given genotype, not the Mendelian recurrence
ratio.
, • D: Incorrect — mitochondrial inheritance transmits
maternally and does not follow autosomal recessive ratios.
Teaching Point
Autosomal recessive conditions: carrier parents → ≈25%
affected per pregnancy.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Hammer & McPhee (2018). Pathophysiology of Disease (8th
Ed.). Ch. 2.
3
Reference
Ch. 2 — Genetic Disease — Types of Pathogenic Variants
Question Stem
A patient has a pathogenic single-base substitution that creates
a premature stop codon in a structural protein gene. Which
mutation type and primary molecular consequence best match
this description?
Options
A. Missense mutation → amino acid substitution with preserved
length
B. Nonsense mutation → truncated protein, often loss of
function
C. Silent mutation → no amino acid change, no effect
D. Frameshift mutation → single amino acid replaced, no
truncation
