Human Growth and Development- Chapter 3
and 4
norm -
☑️ an average, or standard, measurement calculated from the measurements of many
individuals within a specific group or population
head-sparing -
☑️ a biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth.
The brain is the last part of the body to be damaged by malnutrition
neuron -
☑️ one of billion of nerve cells in the central nervous system, especially in the brain
cortex (neocortex) -
☑️ the outer layers of the brain in humans and other mammals. Most thinking, feeling, and
sensing involve the cortex
axon -
☑️ a fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from the neuron
to the dendrites of other neurons
synapse -
☑️ the intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons
neurotransmitter -
☑️ a brain chemical that carries information from the axon of a sending neuron to the
dendrites of a receiving neuron
prefrontal cortex -
☑️ the area of the cortex at the front of the brain that specializes in anticipation, planning, and
impulse control
shaken baby syndrome -
☑️ a life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, a
motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections
REM (rapid eye movement) -
☑️ a stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed lids, dreaming, and rapid
brain waves
reflex -
☑️ an unlearned, involuntary action or movement emitted in response to a particular stimulus;
an automatic response that is built into the nervous system and occurs without conscious thought
gross motor skills -
☑️ physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping.
fine motor skills -
, ☑️ physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers,
such as drawing and picking up a coin
sensation -
☑️ the response of a sensory system (eyes, skin, tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus
perception -
☑️ the mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation
binocular vison -
☑️ the ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image
immunization (inoculation or vaccination) -
☑️ a process that stimulates the body's immune system to defend against attack by a particular
contagious disease; may be accomplished either naturally (by having the disease) or through
vaccination (often by having an injection)
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) -
☑️ a situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, at least 2 months of age, suddenly stops
breathing and dies unexpectedly while asleep
co-sleeping (bed-sharing) -
☑️ a custom in which parents and their children (usually infants) sleep together in the same
bed
sensorimotor intelligence -
☑️ Piaget's term for the way infants think-by using their senses and motor skills- during the
first period of cognitive development
assimilation -
☑️ Piaget's term for a type of adaptation in which new experiences are interrupted to fit into,
or assimilate with, old ideas
accommodation -
☑️ Piaget's term for a type of adaption in which old ideas are restructured to include, or
accommodate, new experiences
object permanence -
☑️ the realization that objects (including people) still exist when they can no longer be seen,
touched, or heard
"little scientist" -
☑️ the stage-five toddler (age 12 to 18 months) who experiments without anticipating the
results, using trial and error in active and creative exploration
visual cliff -
☑️ an experimental apparatus that gives an illusion of a sudden drop-off between one
horizontal surface and another
reminder session -
☑️ a perceptual experience that is intended to help a person recollect an idea, a thing, or an
experience, without testing whether the person remembers it at the moment
and 4
norm -
☑️ an average, or standard, measurement calculated from the measurements of many
individuals within a specific group or population
head-sparing -
☑️ a biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth.
The brain is the last part of the body to be damaged by malnutrition
neuron -
☑️ one of billion of nerve cells in the central nervous system, especially in the brain
cortex (neocortex) -
☑️ the outer layers of the brain in humans and other mammals. Most thinking, feeling, and
sensing involve the cortex
axon -
☑️ a fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from the neuron
to the dendrites of other neurons
synapse -
☑️ the intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons
neurotransmitter -
☑️ a brain chemical that carries information from the axon of a sending neuron to the
dendrites of a receiving neuron
prefrontal cortex -
☑️ the area of the cortex at the front of the brain that specializes in anticipation, planning, and
impulse control
shaken baby syndrome -
☑️ a life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, a
motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections
REM (rapid eye movement) -
☑️ a stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed lids, dreaming, and rapid
brain waves
reflex -
☑️ an unlearned, involuntary action or movement emitted in response to a particular stimulus;
an automatic response that is built into the nervous system and occurs without conscious thought
gross motor skills -
☑️ physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping.
fine motor skills -
, ☑️ physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers,
such as drawing and picking up a coin
sensation -
☑️ the response of a sensory system (eyes, skin, tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus
perception -
☑️ the mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation
binocular vison -
☑️ the ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image
immunization (inoculation or vaccination) -
☑️ a process that stimulates the body's immune system to defend against attack by a particular
contagious disease; may be accomplished either naturally (by having the disease) or through
vaccination (often by having an injection)
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) -
☑️ a situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, at least 2 months of age, suddenly stops
breathing and dies unexpectedly while asleep
co-sleeping (bed-sharing) -
☑️ a custom in which parents and their children (usually infants) sleep together in the same
bed
sensorimotor intelligence -
☑️ Piaget's term for the way infants think-by using their senses and motor skills- during the
first period of cognitive development
assimilation -
☑️ Piaget's term for a type of adaptation in which new experiences are interrupted to fit into,
or assimilate with, old ideas
accommodation -
☑️ Piaget's term for a type of adaption in which old ideas are restructured to include, or
accommodate, new experiences
object permanence -
☑️ the realization that objects (including people) still exist when they can no longer be seen,
touched, or heard
"little scientist" -
☑️ the stage-five toddler (age 12 to 18 months) who experiments without anticipating the
results, using trial and error in active and creative exploration
visual cliff -
☑️ an experimental apparatus that gives an illusion of a sudden drop-off between one
horizontal surface and another
reminder session -
☑️ a perceptual experience that is intended to help a person recollect an idea, a thing, or an
experience, without testing whether the person remembers it at the moment
