Chapter 9: Human Growth and Development
development -
☑️ the pattern of continuity and change that occurs throughout the course of life (growth
and decline)
Areas of Developmental Psychology -
☑️ Physical Processes
Cognitive Processes
Socioemotional processes
Physical processes -
☑️ growth, skill development, gradual decline
changes in an individual's biological nature
Cognitive processes -
☑️ changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language
growth in some areas, decline in some areas with age
Socioemotional processes -
☑️ changes in relationships with other people throughout the lifespan
Germinal Period -
☑️ earliest development; first 2 weeks
zygote -
☑️ The new cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm
embryonic period -
☑️ weeks 2-8
embryo -
☑️ Developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs, where organogenesis takes
place
fetal period -
☑️ week 8- birth
fetus -
☑️ an unborn human in the later stages of development
age of viability -
☑️ The point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely (currently 22 weeks, rarely
survive)
22 weeks is still not good, regular pregnancy is 38 weeks
teratogens -
, ☑️ environmental agents such as drugs, chemicals, or viruses that produce birth defects
factors that effect teratogens -
☑️ genetic susceptible
dose
timing
reflexes -
☑️ involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
ex: rooting, sucking, startle, babinski
reflexes disappear by -
☑️ 3 months of age, but are replaced by more complex behaviors
rooting -
☑️ turning head toward things that touch the cheek
startle (moro) -
☑️ occurs in response to sudden noises or movements
Babinski -
☑️ toes fan out when bottom of foot is touched
at birth, the brain is ____ of its adult weight -
☑️ 25%
by age 2, the brain is ____ of its adult weight -
☑️ 75%
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development -
☑️ understanding changes as a function of age and experiences
4 stages of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development -
☑️ sensorimotor stage
preopertational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage -
☑️ -birth to 2 years
-understanding based on manipulation
-understanding based on motor and sensory skills
-development of object permanence (~9 months)
object permanence -
☑️ Awareness that objects and people continue to exist even if they are out of sight
preoperational stage -
☑️ -2-7 years
-egocentric thought
-lacking principle of conservation
development -
☑️ the pattern of continuity and change that occurs throughout the course of life (growth
and decline)
Areas of Developmental Psychology -
☑️ Physical Processes
Cognitive Processes
Socioemotional processes
Physical processes -
☑️ growth, skill development, gradual decline
changes in an individual's biological nature
Cognitive processes -
☑️ changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language
growth in some areas, decline in some areas with age
Socioemotional processes -
☑️ changes in relationships with other people throughout the lifespan
Germinal Period -
☑️ earliest development; first 2 weeks
zygote -
☑️ The new cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm
embryonic period -
☑️ weeks 2-8
embryo -
☑️ Developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs, where organogenesis takes
place
fetal period -
☑️ week 8- birth
fetus -
☑️ an unborn human in the later stages of development
age of viability -
☑️ The point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely (currently 22 weeks, rarely
survive)
22 weeks is still not good, regular pregnancy is 38 weeks
teratogens -
, ☑️ environmental agents such as drugs, chemicals, or viruses that produce birth defects
factors that effect teratogens -
☑️ genetic susceptible
dose
timing
reflexes -
☑️ involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
ex: rooting, sucking, startle, babinski
reflexes disappear by -
☑️ 3 months of age, but are replaced by more complex behaviors
rooting -
☑️ turning head toward things that touch the cheek
startle (moro) -
☑️ occurs in response to sudden noises or movements
Babinski -
☑️ toes fan out when bottom of foot is touched
at birth, the brain is ____ of its adult weight -
☑️ 25%
by age 2, the brain is ____ of its adult weight -
☑️ 75%
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development -
☑️ understanding changes as a function of age and experiences
4 stages of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development -
☑️ sensorimotor stage
preopertational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage -
☑️ -birth to 2 years
-understanding based on manipulation
-understanding based on motor and sensory skills
-development of object permanence (~9 months)
object permanence -
☑️ Awareness that objects and people continue to exist even if they are out of sight
preoperational stage -
☑️ -2-7 years
-egocentric thought
-lacking principle of conservation
