Human Growth And Development- Midterm
Lifespan development -
☑️ An examination of the biological, cognitive/psychological, and social changes that
occur over the course of the human life
Qualitative change -
☑️ Structure or organization
Quantitative change -
☑️ Number or amount
Nature -
☑️ Our born tendencies
Nurture -
☑️ Our surrounding workd
3 domains of development -
☑️ Physical, cognitive, psychosocial
Prenatal -
☑️ Conception to birth; nine months of rapid growth in which organs and systems appear;
extreme sensitivity to environmental influences
Infancy -
☑️ Birth to 2 years; continued rapid growth; brain development provides the basis for the
emergence of motor, cognitive, and physiological accomplishments
Early childhood -
☑️ 3 to 6 years; physical growth slows somewhat; substantial gains in cognitive and
language development; the interplay between socialization and individualiZation shapes personality
and influences adjustment
Middle childhood -
☑️ 7 to 11 years; school becomes a major force in development; physical, cognitive, and
psychological abilities become apparent
Adolescence -
☑️ 12 to 18 years; puberty affects all aspects of development; thought becomes more
abstract, academic achievement begins to shape the future; the search for identity continues
unabated
Early adulthood -
☑️ 19 to 34 years; higher education or the beginning of work beckons; relationships are a
major focus of these years; marriage and children become central concerns of the lifespan
Middle adulthood -
, ☑️ 35 to 64 years; heightened responsibility; may include care of children and aging
parents; growing community involvement; peak period for leadership and influence; a time of
physical change (menopause)
Late adulthood -
☑️ 65+; retirement; eventual declining health and strength; adjusting to death of loved
ones; facing ones own mortality; changing lifestyle to enhance successful aging; enjoying greater
wisdom
SES -
☑️ Income, education, occupation
Culture -
☑️ Customs, values, and traditions inherent in ones environment- the features that define
values and styles of life
Theory -
☑️ Set of related concepts that seek to describe behavior under specific conditions;
provides groundwork for hypothesis
Hypothesis -
☑️ Tentative explanations that can be tested by research; research starting point
John Locke- Tabula rosa -
☑️ Children were a blank slate
Freud's psychoanalytic theory -
☑️ Based on the idea of "unconscious mind"; staged are oral, anal, phallic, latency, gential
Erikson's psychosocial theory -
☑️ Based on the impact of social experiences and incorporates the belief that development
is lifelong; each stage of development involves a crisis
Classical conditioning -
☑️ The leaning process in which a neutral stimulus produces an involuntary response that
is usually elicited by another stimulus
Operant conditioning -
☑️ The use of consequences (reinforcement, punishment) to modify or shape voluntary
behavior or actions
Alberta bandura's social learning theory -
☑️ Theory that refers to the process whereby the information we glean from observing
others influences our behavior
Piaget's cognitive theory -
☑️ Focuses on the development of thought processes and behaviors that reflect those
processes; 4 stages- sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory -
☑️ Stresses children's active interaction with social environments; namely, other people;
considered development a collaborative effort; zone of proximal development; scaffolding
Lifespan development -
☑️ An examination of the biological, cognitive/psychological, and social changes that
occur over the course of the human life
Qualitative change -
☑️ Structure or organization
Quantitative change -
☑️ Number or amount
Nature -
☑️ Our born tendencies
Nurture -
☑️ Our surrounding workd
3 domains of development -
☑️ Physical, cognitive, psychosocial
Prenatal -
☑️ Conception to birth; nine months of rapid growth in which organs and systems appear;
extreme sensitivity to environmental influences
Infancy -
☑️ Birth to 2 years; continued rapid growth; brain development provides the basis for the
emergence of motor, cognitive, and physiological accomplishments
Early childhood -
☑️ 3 to 6 years; physical growth slows somewhat; substantial gains in cognitive and
language development; the interplay between socialization and individualiZation shapes personality
and influences adjustment
Middle childhood -
☑️ 7 to 11 years; school becomes a major force in development; physical, cognitive, and
psychological abilities become apparent
Adolescence -
☑️ 12 to 18 years; puberty affects all aspects of development; thought becomes more
abstract, academic achievement begins to shape the future; the search for identity continues
unabated
Early adulthood -
☑️ 19 to 34 years; higher education or the beginning of work beckons; relationships are a
major focus of these years; marriage and children become central concerns of the lifespan
Middle adulthood -
, ☑️ 35 to 64 years; heightened responsibility; may include care of children and aging
parents; growing community involvement; peak period for leadership and influence; a time of
physical change (menopause)
Late adulthood -
☑️ 65+; retirement; eventual declining health and strength; adjusting to death of loved
ones; facing ones own mortality; changing lifestyle to enhance successful aging; enjoying greater
wisdom
SES -
☑️ Income, education, occupation
Culture -
☑️ Customs, values, and traditions inherent in ones environment- the features that define
values and styles of life
Theory -
☑️ Set of related concepts that seek to describe behavior under specific conditions;
provides groundwork for hypothesis
Hypothesis -
☑️ Tentative explanations that can be tested by research; research starting point
John Locke- Tabula rosa -
☑️ Children were a blank slate
Freud's psychoanalytic theory -
☑️ Based on the idea of "unconscious mind"; staged are oral, anal, phallic, latency, gential
Erikson's psychosocial theory -
☑️ Based on the impact of social experiences and incorporates the belief that development
is lifelong; each stage of development involves a crisis
Classical conditioning -
☑️ The leaning process in which a neutral stimulus produces an involuntary response that
is usually elicited by another stimulus
Operant conditioning -
☑️ The use of consequences (reinforcement, punishment) to modify or shape voluntary
behavior or actions
Alberta bandura's social learning theory -
☑️ Theory that refers to the process whereby the information we glean from observing
others influences our behavior
Piaget's cognitive theory -
☑️ Focuses on the development of thought processes and behaviors that reflect those
processes; 4 stages- sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory -
☑️ Stresses children's active interaction with social environments; namely, other people;
considered development a collaborative effort; zone of proximal development; scaffolding
