WGU D115 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM TEST BANK (UNIT 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 &7) 400
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently than females?
Sex-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
Sex-linked dominant - Answer- Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the
affected chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the leading known cause?
Intellectual disability
Respiratory disorders
Fetal miscarriage
Cardiovascular disease
Mental illness
Check My Answer - Answer- Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are
the leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies?
Drug-sensitivity testing
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Microscopy of cervical mucosa
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)
Amniocentesis - Answer- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic
testing (PGT) are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a form of
,genetic testing that provides genetic information found in utero and is usually performed between weeks
11 and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and is
usually performed during the second trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is performed
on the embryo prior to implantation.
Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one chromosome with a
normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a missing gene?
Klinefelter syndrome
Down syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
Turner syndrome - Answer- Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA
deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected by the syndrome. Cri du chat
syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight baby with a piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations?
Mothers cannot pass X-linked genes to their sons.
Females are hemizygous for the X chromosome.
The disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
These diseases need only one copy of the gene in females. - Answer- The disease can be transmitted
through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an unaffected X to a
daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the disease because she has the other X
(the only X the father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease rate among the entire population to the disease
rate in an unexposed population?
Relative
Attributable
Contingency
Causal - Answer- Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on?
,Direct observation
Chromosomal testing
Relative risks
Liability thresholds - Answer- Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases.
Observation and evaluation of each case individually provides the most thorough and accurate
assessment.
What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair.
Imprinted, activated, mutated, altered - Answer- The imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing?
The circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
The underlying chronic illness exists.
The complement is deficient.
The number of mast cells is insufficient. - Answer- The underlying chronic illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's reserves to fight against
illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
B lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
T lymphocytes - Answer- Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria?
eosinophils
macrophages
perforin - Answer- Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing bacteria.
, What is the first response to a foreign pathogen?
cytotoxic T
helper T cells
phagocytic - Answer- Helper T cells
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen?
Foreignness
Quantity
Size
Complexity - Answer- Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize something foreign.
How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing an ABO
incompatibility?
Phagocytosis by macrophages
Complement-mediated cell lysis
Phagocytosis in the spleen
Natural killer cells - Answer- The complement pathway is activated in response to blood incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic dermatitis? - Answer- An immediate (type I)
hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
Which four infections are considered fungal infections?
Ringworm
Candida
Cholera
Athlete's foot
Aspergillus
EXAM TEST BANK (UNIT 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 &7) 400
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently than females?
Sex-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
Sex-linked dominant - Answer- Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the
affected chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the leading known cause?
Intellectual disability
Respiratory disorders
Fetal miscarriage
Cardiovascular disease
Mental illness
Check My Answer - Answer- Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are
the leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies?
Drug-sensitivity testing
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Microscopy of cervical mucosa
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)
Amniocentesis - Answer- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic
testing (PGT) are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a form of
,genetic testing that provides genetic information found in utero and is usually performed between weeks
11 and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and is
usually performed during the second trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is performed
on the embryo prior to implantation.
Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one chromosome with a
normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a missing gene?
Klinefelter syndrome
Down syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
Turner syndrome - Answer- Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA
deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected by the syndrome. Cri du chat
syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight baby with a piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations?
Mothers cannot pass X-linked genes to their sons.
Females are hemizygous for the X chromosome.
The disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
These diseases need only one copy of the gene in females. - Answer- The disease can be transmitted
through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an unaffected X to a
daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the disease because she has the other X
(the only X the father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease rate among the entire population to the disease
rate in an unexposed population?
Relative
Attributable
Contingency
Causal - Answer- Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on?
,Direct observation
Chromosomal testing
Relative risks
Liability thresholds - Answer- Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases.
Observation and evaluation of each case individually provides the most thorough and accurate
assessment.
What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair.
Imprinted, activated, mutated, altered - Answer- The imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing?
The circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
The underlying chronic illness exists.
The complement is deficient.
The number of mast cells is insufficient. - Answer- The underlying chronic illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's reserves to fight against
illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
B lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
T lymphocytes - Answer- Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria?
eosinophils
macrophages
perforin - Answer- Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing bacteria.
, What is the first response to a foreign pathogen?
cytotoxic T
helper T cells
phagocytic - Answer- Helper T cells
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen?
Foreignness
Quantity
Size
Complexity - Answer- Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize something foreign.
How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing an ABO
incompatibility?
Phagocytosis by macrophages
Complement-mediated cell lysis
Phagocytosis in the spleen
Natural killer cells - Answer- The complement pathway is activated in response to blood incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic dermatitis? - Answer- An immediate (type I)
hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
Which four infections are considered fungal infections?
Ringworm
Candida
Cholera
Athlete's foot
Aspergillus
