Topic 1- A Level Edexcel Biology B
Exam
With answers
monosaccharides - answer-single simple sugar molecule
disaccharides - answer-sugar made up of two monosaccharide units joined by a glycosidic bond
formed in a condensation reaction
polysaccharides - answer-polymer made up of long chains of monosaccharide units joined by
glycosidic bonds
condensation reaction - answer-reaction in which a molecule of water is removed from the
reacting molecules as a bond is formed between them
glycosidic bond - answer-covalent bond formed in a condensation reaction
anion - answer-negative ion formed when an atom gains an electron
cation - answer-positive ion formed when an atom loses an electron
ionic bonds - answer-attractive forces between oppositely charged ions
covalent bonds - answer-formed when atoms share electrons
dipole - answer-separation of charge in a molecule when the electrons in a covalent bond are
not evenly shared
polar molecule - answer-molecule containing a dipole
hydrogen bonds - answer-weak electrostatic intermolecular bonds formed between polar
molecules containing at least one hydrogen atom
monomer - answer-small molecule that is a single unit of a larger molecule called a polymer
polymer - answer-long chain molecule made up of many smaller repeating monomer units
joined together by chemical bonds
macromolecule - answer-very large molecule formed by polymerisation
starch - answer-energy store in plants made of amylose and amylopectin. Insoluble and
compact and can be broken down rapidly to release glucose
, sucrose - answer-sweet tasting disaccharide formed by the joining of a glucose and fructose by
a glycosidic bond
glucose - answer-hexose sugar
triose sugar - answer-sugar with 3 carbon atoms and important in mitochondria
pentose sugar - answer-sugar with 5 carbon atoms and important in nucleic acid
ribose - answer-pentose sugar that makes up part of the structure of RNA
deoxyribose - answer-pentose sugar that makes up part of the structure of DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid - answer-nucleic acid that acts as the genetic material in many organisms
ribonucleic acid - answer-nucleic acid which can act as the genetic material in some organisms
and is involved in protein synthesis
hexose sugar - answer-sugar with 6 carbon atoms and taste sweet
isomers - answer-molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different molecular
structures
nitrate ions (NO3)- - answer-needed in plants for formation of amino acids and DNA
phosphate ions (PO4)3- - answer-forms ATP, ADP, DNA and RNA
calcium ions (Ca)2+ - answer-forms calcium pectate for middle lamella between cell walls
magnesium ions (Mg)2+ - answer-produces chlorophyll in plants
water- polar solvent - answer-ionic substances dissolve in it and can carry other substances
water- transport - answer-substances dissolve in it and can be transported
water- density - answer-ice is less dense than water, and maximum density at 4C
water- high SHC - answer-slow to absorb and release heat and a large amount of energy is
needed to change temp of large bodies
water- hydraulics - answer-liquid can't be compressed
water- cohesive - answer-sticks together and helps movement of water from root to leaves
Exam
With answers
monosaccharides - answer-single simple sugar molecule
disaccharides - answer-sugar made up of two monosaccharide units joined by a glycosidic bond
formed in a condensation reaction
polysaccharides - answer-polymer made up of long chains of monosaccharide units joined by
glycosidic bonds
condensation reaction - answer-reaction in which a molecule of water is removed from the
reacting molecules as a bond is formed between them
glycosidic bond - answer-covalent bond formed in a condensation reaction
anion - answer-negative ion formed when an atom gains an electron
cation - answer-positive ion formed when an atom loses an electron
ionic bonds - answer-attractive forces between oppositely charged ions
covalent bonds - answer-formed when atoms share electrons
dipole - answer-separation of charge in a molecule when the electrons in a covalent bond are
not evenly shared
polar molecule - answer-molecule containing a dipole
hydrogen bonds - answer-weak electrostatic intermolecular bonds formed between polar
molecules containing at least one hydrogen atom
monomer - answer-small molecule that is a single unit of a larger molecule called a polymer
polymer - answer-long chain molecule made up of many smaller repeating monomer units
joined together by chemical bonds
macromolecule - answer-very large molecule formed by polymerisation
starch - answer-energy store in plants made of amylose and amylopectin. Insoluble and
compact and can be broken down rapidly to release glucose
, sucrose - answer-sweet tasting disaccharide formed by the joining of a glucose and fructose by
a glycosidic bond
glucose - answer-hexose sugar
triose sugar - answer-sugar with 3 carbon atoms and important in mitochondria
pentose sugar - answer-sugar with 5 carbon atoms and important in nucleic acid
ribose - answer-pentose sugar that makes up part of the structure of RNA
deoxyribose - answer-pentose sugar that makes up part of the structure of DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid - answer-nucleic acid that acts as the genetic material in many organisms
ribonucleic acid - answer-nucleic acid which can act as the genetic material in some organisms
and is involved in protein synthesis
hexose sugar - answer-sugar with 6 carbon atoms and taste sweet
isomers - answer-molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different molecular
structures
nitrate ions (NO3)- - answer-needed in plants for formation of amino acids and DNA
phosphate ions (PO4)3- - answer-forms ATP, ADP, DNA and RNA
calcium ions (Ca)2+ - answer-forms calcium pectate for middle lamella between cell walls
magnesium ions (Mg)2+ - answer-produces chlorophyll in plants
water- polar solvent - answer-ionic substances dissolve in it and can carry other substances
water- transport - answer-substances dissolve in it and can be transported
water- density - answer-ice is less dense than water, and maximum density at 4C
water- high SHC - answer-slow to absorb and release heat and a large amount of energy is
needed to change temp of large bodies
water- hydraulics - answer-liquid can't be compressed
water- cohesive - answer-sticks together and helps movement of water from root to leaves
