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MED SURG 2024 HESI Practice Questions AND Answers
Exit Hesi pn (University of Nairobi)
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MED SURG 2024 HESI PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client with a history of smoking during a
rou琀椀ne clinic visit. The client, who exercises regularly, reports having pain in the calf
during exercise that disappears at rest. Which of the following 昀椀ndings requires further
evalua琀椀on?
1. Heart rate 57 bpm.
2. SpO2 of 94% on room air.
3. Blood pressure 134/82.
4. Ankle-brachial index of 0.65. - answer 4
An Ankle-Brachial Index of 0.65 suggests moderate arterial vascular disease in
a client who is experiencing intermi琀琀ent claudica琀椀on. A Doppler ultrasound is
indicated for further evalua琀椀on. The bradycardic heart rate is acceptable in an athle琀椀c
client with a normal blood pressure. The SpO2 is acceptable; the client has a smoking
history.
An overweight client taking warfarin (Coumadin) has dry skin due to decreased
arterial blood 昀氀ow. What should the nurse instruct the client to do? Select all that apply.
1. Apply lanolin or petroleum jelly to intact skin.
2. Follow a reduced-calorie, reduced-fat diet.
3. Inspect the involved areas daily for new ulcera琀椀ons.
4. Instruct the client to limit ac琀椀vi琀椀es of daily living (ADLs).
5.Use an electric razor to shave - answer 1,2,3,5
Maintaining skin integrity is important in preven琀椀ng chronic ulcers and
infec琀椀ons. The client should be taught to inspect the skin on a daily basis. The client
should reduce weight to promote circula琀椀on; a diet lower in calories and fat is
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appropriate. Because the client is receiving Coumadin, the client is at risk for bleeding
from cuts. To decrease the risk of cuts, the nurse should suggest that the client use an
electric razor. The client with decreased arterial blood 昀氀ow should be encouraged to
par琀椀cipate in ADLs. In fact, the client should be encouraged to consult an exercise
physiologist for an exercise program that enhances the aerobic capacity of the body.
A client with peripheral vascular disease has undergone a right femoral-popliteal
bypass gra昀琀. The blood pressure has decreased from 124/80 to 94/62. What
should the nurse assess 昀椀rst?
1. IV 昀氀uid solu琀椀on.
2. Pedal pulses.
3. Nasal cannula 昀氀ow rate.
4. Capillary re昀椀ll - answer 2
With each set of vital signs, the nurse should assess the dorsalis pedis and
posterior 琀椀bial pulses. The nurse needs to ensure adequate perfusion to the lower
extremity with the drop in blood pressure. IV 昀氀uids, nasal cannula se琀�ng, and capillary
re昀椀ll are important to assess; however, priority is to determine the cause of drop in
blood pressure and that adequate perfusion through the new gra昀琀 is maintained.
The nurse is caring for a client with peripheral artery disease who has recently
been prescribed clopidogrel (Plavix). The nurse understands that more teaching is
necessary when the client states which of the following:
1. "I should not be surprised if I bruise easier or if my gums bleed a li琀琀le when
brushing my teeth."
2. "It doesn't really ma琀琀er if I take this medicine with or without food, whatever
works best for my stomach."
3. "I should stop taking Plavix if it makes me feel weak and dizzy."
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4. "The doctor prescribed this medicine to make my platelets less likely to s琀椀ck together and
help prevent clots from forming." - answer 3
Weakness, dizziness, and headache are common adverse e昀昀ects of Plavix and
the client should report these to the physician if they are problema琀椀c; in order to
decrease risk of clot forma琀椀on, Plavix must be taken regularly and should not be
stopped or taken intermi琀琀ently. The main adverse e昀昀ect of Plavix is bleeding, which
o昀琀en occurs as increased bruising or bleeding when brushing teeth. Plavix is well
absorbed, and while food may help decrease poten琀椀al gastrointes琀椀nal upset, Plavix may
be taken with or without food. Plavix is an an琀椀platelet agent used to prevent clot
forma琀椀on in clients who have experienced or are at risk for myocardial infarc琀椀on,
ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, or acute coronary syndrome.
A client is receiving Cilostazol (Pletal) for peripheral arterial disease causing
intermi琀琀ent claudica琀椀on. The nurse determines this medica琀椀on is e昀昀ec琀椀ve when the
client reports which of the following?
1. "I am having fewer aches and pains."
2. "I do not have headaches anymore."
3. "I am able to walk further without leg pain."
4. "My toes are turning grayish black in color." - answer 3
Cilostazol is indicated for management of intermi琀琀ent claudica琀椀on. Symptoms
usually improve within 2 to 4 weeks of therapy. Intermi琀琀ent claudica琀椀on prevents
clients from walking for long periods of 琀椀me. Cilostazol inhibits platelet aggrega琀椀on
induced by various s琀椀muli and improving blood 昀氀ow to the muscles and allowing the
client to walk long distances without pain. Peripheral arterial disease causes pain
mainly of the leg muscles. "Aches and pains" does not specify exactly where the pain is
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MED SURG 2024 HESI Practice Questions AND Answers
Exit Hesi pn (University of Nairobi)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by madiba South Africa stuvia ()
, lOMoARcPSD|44532475
MED SURG 2024 HESI PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client with a history of smoking during a
rou琀椀ne clinic visit. The client, who exercises regularly, reports having pain in the calf
during exercise that disappears at rest. Which of the following 昀椀ndings requires further
evalua琀椀on?
1. Heart rate 57 bpm.
2. SpO2 of 94% on room air.
3. Blood pressure 134/82.
4. Ankle-brachial index of 0.65. - answer 4
An Ankle-Brachial Index of 0.65 suggests moderate arterial vascular disease in
a client who is experiencing intermi琀琀ent claudica琀椀on. A Doppler ultrasound is
indicated for further evalua琀椀on. The bradycardic heart rate is acceptable in an athle琀椀c
client with a normal blood pressure. The SpO2 is acceptable; the client has a smoking
history.
An overweight client taking warfarin (Coumadin) has dry skin due to decreased
arterial blood 昀氀ow. What should the nurse instruct the client to do? Select all that apply.
1. Apply lanolin or petroleum jelly to intact skin.
2. Follow a reduced-calorie, reduced-fat diet.
3. Inspect the involved areas daily for new ulcera琀椀ons.
4. Instruct the client to limit ac琀椀vi琀椀es of daily living (ADLs).
5.Use an electric razor to shave - answer 1,2,3,5
Maintaining skin integrity is important in preven琀椀ng chronic ulcers and
infec琀椀ons. The client should be taught to inspect the skin on a daily basis. The client
should reduce weight to promote circula琀椀on; a diet lower in calories and fat is
Downloaded by madiba South Africa stuvia ()
, lOMoARcPSD|44532475
appropriate. Because the client is receiving Coumadin, the client is at risk for bleeding
from cuts. To decrease the risk of cuts, the nurse should suggest that the client use an
electric razor. The client with decreased arterial blood 昀氀ow should be encouraged to
par琀椀cipate in ADLs. In fact, the client should be encouraged to consult an exercise
physiologist for an exercise program that enhances the aerobic capacity of the body.
A client with peripheral vascular disease has undergone a right femoral-popliteal
bypass gra昀琀. The blood pressure has decreased from 124/80 to 94/62. What
should the nurse assess 昀椀rst?
1. IV 昀氀uid solu琀椀on.
2. Pedal pulses.
3. Nasal cannula 昀氀ow rate.
4. Capillary re昀椀ll - answer 2
With each set of vital signs, the nurse should assess the dorsalis pedis and
posterior 琀椀bial pulses. The nurse needs to ensure adequate perfusion to the lower
extremity with the drop in blood pressure. IV 昀氀uids, nasal cannula se琀�ng, and capillary
re昀椀ll are important to assess; however, priority is to determine the cause of drop in
blood pressure and that adequate perfusion through the new gra昀琀 is maintained.
The nurse is caring for a client with peripheral artery disease who has recently
been prescribed clopidogrel (Plavix). The nurse understands that more teaching is
necessary when the client states which of the following:
1. "I should not be surprised if I bruise easier or if my gums bleed a li琀琀le when
brushing my teeth."
2. "It doesn't really ma琀琀er if I take this medicine with or without food, whatever
works best for my stomach."
3. "I should stop taking Plavix if it makes me feel weak and dizzy."
Downloaded by madiba South Africa stuvia ()
, lOMoARcPSD|44532475
4. "The doctor prescribed this medicine to make my platelets less likely to s琀椀ck together and
help prevent clots from forming." - answer 3
Weakness, dizziness, and headache are common adverse e昀昀ects of Plavix and
the client should report these to the physician if they are problema琀椀c; in order to
decrease risk of clot forma琀椀on, Plavix must be taken regularly and should not be
stopped or taken intermi琀琀ently. The main adverse e昀昀ect of Plavix is bleeding, which
o昀琀en occurs as increased bruising or bleeding when brushing teeth. Plavix is well
absorbed, and while food may help decrease poten琀椀al gastrointes琀椀nal upset, Plavix may
be taken with or without food. Plavix is an an琀椀platelet agent used to prevent clot
forma琀椀on in clients who have experienced or are at risk for myocardial infarc琀椀on,
ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, or acute coronary syndrome.
A client is receiving Cilostazol (Pletal) for peripheral arterial disease causing
intermi琀琀ent claudica琀椀on. The nurse determines this medica琀椀on is e昀昀ec琀椀ve when the
client reports which of the following?
1. "I am having fewer aches and pains."
2. "I do not have headaches anymore."
3. "I am able to walk further without leg pain."
4. "My toes are turning grayish black in color." - answer 3
Cilostazol is indicated for management of intermi琀琀ent claudica琀椀on. Symptoms
usually improve within 2 to 4 weeks of therapy. Intermi琀琀ent claudica琀椀on prevents
clients from walking for long periods of 琀椀me. Cilostazol inhibits platelet aggrega琀椀on
induced by various s琀椀muli and improving blood 昀氀ow to the muscles and allowing the
client to walk long distances without pain. Peripheral arterial disease causes pain
mainly of the leg muscles. "Aches and pains" does not specify exactly where the pain is
Downloaded by madiba South Africa stuvia ()
